1 1
High availability
and Load Balancing
Realized By :
Ahmed
Abdessalem
Hafedh ben DHIA
Mohamed Saadaoui
Youssef
2 Outline
1- Introduction
2- Definition of High availability
3- Calculate High availability
4- Solutions For High Availability
5 Definition of Load Balancing
--
6 Benefits of Load Balancing
7- Load Balancing algorithms
3 Introduction
4
4 High Availability :
Definition
High availability
• Means that your application will
be available, without interruption.
• Is the ability of a system component to
be continuously operational for a
desirably long length of time.
5 High Availability :
Definition
The seven Rs of high availability :
1. Redundancy
2. Reputation
3. Reliability
4. Repairability
5. Recoverability
6. Responsiveness
7. Robustness
6
High Availability : Definition
Availability and Single Points of Failure :
WHAT IS SPOF ?
7 High Availability :
Definition
Solutions ?
Redundancy
clustering
8 Advantages and
Disadvantages of Redundancy
During a failure, a redundant system might provide
poorer availability than a clustering solution.
The failure of one server component might put an
excessive load on the other server, making this server
respond more slowly to client requests. A slow
response might be considered a failure for clients that
rely on quick response times.
In other words, the availability of the service, even
though the service is operational, might not meet the
availability requirements of the client.
9 Advantages and
Disadvantages of Clustering
The main advantage of a clustered solution is
automatic recovery from failure, that is, recovery
without user intervention.
Disadvantages of clustering are complexity and
inability to recover from database corruption.
10 Redundancy at the
Hardware Level
Failure at the network level can be mitigated by having
redundant network components. When designing your
deployment, consider having redundant components for
the following:
Internet connection
Network interface card
Network cabling
Network switches
Gateways and routers
You can mitigate the load balancer as an SPOF by
including a redundant load balancer in your
architecture.
11 Redundancy at the
Software Level
Failure in Directory Server or Directory Proxy Server can
include the following:
Excessive response time
Write overload
Read overload
Cache issues
CPU constraints
Replication issues
These SPOFs can be mitigated by having redundant instances
of Directory Server and Directory Proxy Server
1
12 2
Availability Percentages and
Corresponding Downtime Values
Availability Approximate Downtime Per
Percentage Year
95% 18 days
99% 4 days
99.9% 9 hours
99.99% 1 hour
99.999% 5 minutes
13 Calculating Availability
MTBF : Mean Time Between Failure
MTTR : Mean Time To Repair
14 Increasing Availability
1
15 Sources Of Availability 5
Interruption
Natural disasters, power outages, or
connectivity outages.
System and hardware failure.
Loss of critical data.
Modification of the current data .
Breakdown.
Application and services failures.
Absence of admin’s system.
16
16 Solutions For High
Availability
Clustering Backup
Disaster Recovery
Solutions
Failover
Load Balancing
17
17 Clustering
A cluster is a set of processes running on
single or multiple computers that share
the same workload.
18 High Availability
Solutions
Active-Active and Active-
Passive
19 Active-ACTIVE System
20
Active-Passive System
21
21 Failover
With a load-balancing mechanism in place, the
instances are redundant. If any of the instances
fail, requests to the failed instance can be sent to
the surviving instances.
22 Backup
A backup should be available to back up
the system at certain intervals and
restore a backup when an
unrepeatable failure occurs.
23 Disaster Recovery
This comprises the information technology
architecture and processes to recover the
technology and/or applications to service in a
location other than your primary processing
location.
24
Load Balancing : Definition
What is load balancing?
25 load balancing diagram
26 Why is load balancing necessary?
27
Benefits of Load Balancing
Reduced Downtime
Scalable
Redundancy
Flexibility
Efficiency
Global Server Load Balancing
28
Seven Layer Open Systems Interconnection
(OSI)
Load balancing can be carried out on different layers
of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) reference model :
-Layer 4
-Layer 7
29 Load balancing algorithms
Round Robin
Least Connection Method
Least Response Time Method
Least Bandwidth Method
Hashing Methods
Custom Load Method
30 the best-in-class
load‑balancing solutions
NGINX-Plus
NGINX
31
Thank you For Your Attention
