Inheritance
Constructor In Child Class
Inheritance
Principle of Object Oriented Programming
Encapsulation
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Inheritance
Inheritance is the phenomena that links
class in parent child relationship.
The parent class is also called
super/base/parent class
The child class is also known as
sub/derived/child class.
Inheritance
All the members of the parent class
become the member of the child class
The members declared as private are not
accessible inside the child class.
All other members i.e. data members and
member functions can be accessed from
the child class.
extends key word is used to create parent
child hierarchy.
Inheritance
The child class may have its own
members.
The object of the child class have access
to all the members of the parent class
The object of the parent class cannot
access any member of the child class.
Inheritance Example 1
class Base //super class { 1. class demo
int x; 2. {
void set(int a) { 3. public static void main (String
x=a; } as[])
void get() { 4. {
[Link]("x=" + x); } }
5. Base ob=new Base();
class Child extends Base // child
class { 6. [Link](10);
int y; 7. [Link]();
Child() { 8. Child Obc=new Child();
x=0; // data member of parent 9. [Link](30);
y=0; } 10. [Link]();
void set(int a, int b) {
11. [Link](20,40);
x=a; y=b; }
void get() {
12. [Link]();
[Link]("x=" + x 13. }
+"y="+y); } } 14. }
Inheritance
Java does not support multiple inheritance
like C++.
A base class can have multiple subclasses
at a time.
Whereas a subclass can have only single
direct parent class at a time.
Multilevel Inheritance
In java inheritance hierarchy can be
extended to multiple levels.
Such phenomenon is called multilevel
inheritance.
A child class in the multilevel hierarchy
can access all the members of the parent
classes at the upper level.
Multilevel Inheritance
However, none of the parent class is
capable to access the members of it child
classes in downwards hierarchy.
Similarly, an object of the child class at any
level can access all the members of the
parent class in the upwards hierarchy.
Whereas, none of the object is capable to
access the members of the objects in the
downwards hierarchy.
Example
class Demo{
class A { public static void main(String as[]){
void showA() { A oba=new A();
B obb=new B();
[Link]("Show in
C obc=new C();
A");} }
[Link]();
class B extends A { //[Link]();
void showB() { //[Link]();
[Link]("Show in [Link]();
[Link]();
B");} }
//[Link]();
class C extends B {
[Link]();
void showC() { [Link]();
[Link]("Show in [Link]();
C");} } }
}
Constructor in child class
As child class inherits the members of the parent
class, therefore constructor function of the parent
class is also called when an object of the child
class is created.
By default no argument constructor (if any) is
called.
Super key word is used to call a specific
constructor function.
Super (argument list) must be the first statement
in child class constructor.
Example
class A { class Demo{
A() { public static void main(String
[Link]("Constructor in as[])
A");} }
{
class B extends A {
B() {
A oba=new A();
[Link]("Constructor in B obb=new B();
B");} } C obc=new C();
class C extends B { D obd=new D();
C() {
}
[Link]("Constructor in
C");} }
}
class D extends C {
D() {
[Link]("Constructor in
D");} }
How Augmented Constructor Functions
Are
class A
Called?
{ 1. class demo
A()
{ 2. {
[Link]("no argument constructor of 3. public static void main (String
a"); } as[])
A(int y)
{
4. {
[Link]("one argument constructor 5. //A oba=new A();
of a"); 6. B obb1=new B();
}}
class B extends A 7. B obb2=new B(20);
{ 8. }
B() 9. }
{
super(10);
[Link]("no argument constructor of
B");
}
B(int y)
{
super(y);
[Link]("one argument constructor
of B");
}}
Method Overriding
Member functions in the parent and child
class having same name, same number of
arguments and same data types are called
overrided functions.
The phenomenon is called function
overriding.
The phenomenon in which member
functions in the parent and child class have
exactly same type signature.
Example
class Base { class demo
int x; {
void set(int a) {
public static void main (String as[])
x=a; }
{
void get() {
[Link]("x=" + x); } }
class Child extends Base // child class { Child obc=new Child();
int x; [Link](50,60);
Child() { [Link]();
x=0; // data member of parent
/*
super.x=0; }
void set(int a, int x) {
[Link](20,60);
set(a) [Link]();
this.x=x; Base ob;
} Ob=obc;
void get() [Link](50);
{
[Link]();*/
[Link]();
[Link]("x"+x);
//[Link](20,60); invalid }}
}}
Inheritance
The reference of child class object can
be assigned to reference variable of the
parent class.
1. e.g. Base ob;
2. Child obc=new Child();
3. ob=obc;
Inheritance
Now ob can access those members of the
child class object which belongs to its own
class.
Ob cannot access the members of the
child class object even though it has
reference of the child class object
Inheritance Example 3
1. class Base //super class 1. Void get()
2. { 2. {
3. int x; 3. [Link](“x=“ + x);
4. Void set(int a) { 4. }
5. x=a; 5. }
6. }
7. Void get() 6. class demo
8. { 7. {
9. [Link](“x=“ + x); 8. public static void main (String as[])
10. } 9. {
11. }
12. Class Child extends Base // child class 10. Child obc=new Child();
13. { 11. Base ob;
14. Int y; 12. Ob=obc;
15. Child()
16. { 13. [Link](50);
17. x=0; // data member of parent 14. [Link]();
18. y=0; 15. //[Link](20,60); invalid
19. }
20. Void set(int a, int b) 16. }
21. { 17. }
22. x=a; y=b;
23. }
24. ………………..>
Example
class A {
void show() { class demo {
[Link]("Show in A"); } public static void main(String as[]) {
void display() { A oba=new A();
[Link]("display in A"); } } B obb=new B();
A r;
class B extends A r=oba;
{ [Link]();
void show() { [Link]();
[Link]("Show in B"); }
void display() { r=obb;
[Link]("display in B"); } [Link]();
void abc() [Link]();
{[Link]("abc in B");} [Link]();
} }}
Constructor in child class
Child class may have its own constructor
First the constructor of the child class
object is called.
Before executing the child constructor the
parents constructor function gets called.
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