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Understanding Friction Forces and Examples

The document discusses friction and provides examples of calculating friction forces. It defines static and kinetic friction, and explains that static friction has a maximum limiting value Fm. It then gives several examples of calculating the forces and distances involved in problems involving static friction, such as the distance a block will slide, the minimum force to start an object moving, and the maximum weight an object can support without slipping.

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1K views15 pages

Understanding Friction Forces and Examples

The document discusses friction and provides examples of calculating friction forces. It defines static and kinetic friction, and explains that static friction has a maximum limiting value Fm. It then gives several examples of calculating the forces and distances involved in problems involving static friction, such as the distance a block will slide, the minimum force to start an object moving, and the maximum weight an object can support without slipping.

Uploaded by

JomarLlanto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Lecture Introduction
  • Friction - Overview
  • Static Case
  • Dynamic Case
  • Example 1
  • Example 2
  • Another Problem Statement
  • Example 3
  • Impending Tipping
  • Example 4
  • Example 5
  • Example 6: Friction on Wedges
  • Belt Friction
  • Example 7
  • Example 8

Lecture 4

FRICTIOn
Friction

If the force P is increased, the friction force F also increases, continuing to oppose P, until its
magnitude reaches a certain maximum value Fm. If P is further increased, the friction force
cannot balance it any more and the block starts sliding. As soon as the block has been set in
motion, the magnitude of F drops from Fm to a lower value Fk. This is because there is less
interpenetration between the irregularities of the surfaces in contact when these surfaces
move with respect to each other. From then on, the block keeps sliding with increasing
velocity while the friction force, denoted by Fk and called the kinetic-friction force, remains
approximately constant
Friction
• STATIC CASE
If there is no relative motion between two surfaces that are in contact,
the normal force N and the friction force F satisfy the following
relationship.

• Impending Sliding
Consider the static case in which the friction force equals its limiting
value; that is,
Friction
• DYNAMIC CASE
If the two contact surfaces are sliding relative to each other, the friction
force F is postulated to be
Example 1

 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝐹 =30 𝑙𝑏
Example 2

 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝐹 =50 𝑙𝑏
Another Problem on the Board
Example 3
• The uniform 100-lb plank in Figure is resting on friction surfaces at A
and B. The coefficients of static friction are shown in the figure. If a
200-lb man starts walking from A toward B, determine the distance x
when the plank will start to slide.

 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑥 =4.34 𝑓𝑡
Impending Tipping
Consider again a homogeneous block on a friction surface being pushed
by a force P, as shown in Figure. We assume that the weight W of the
block, and the dimensions b, h, and d are known. We wish to determine
the magnitude of P that will cause impending motion of the block,
either impending sliding or impending tipping.
Example 4
•  The 60-kg crate has its center of gravity at G. Determine the smallest
force P that will initiate motion if .
Example 5
•The
  ladder has a uniform weight of 80 lb and rests against the wall at B.
If the coefficient of static friction at A and B is , determine the smallest
angle u at which the ladder will not slip.

 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝜃=46.4
Friction on Wedges (Example 6)
•Block
  A supports a pipe column and rests as shown on wedge B.
Knowing that the coefficient of static friction at all surfaces of contact is
0.25 and that , determine the smallest force P required to raise block A.

 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑃=9.86 𝑘𝑁
Belt Friction
Example 7
A force of P = 25 N is just sufficient to prevent the 20-kg cylinder from
descending. Determine the required force P to begin lifting the cylinder.
The rope passes over a rough peg with two and half turns.

𝐴𝑛𝑠:
  1.54 𝑘𝑁
Example 8
Determine the maximum and the minimum values of weight W which
may be applied without causing the 50-lb block to slip. The coefficient
of static friction between the block and the plane is 0.2, and between
the rope and the drum D is 0.3.

 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑊𝑚𝑎𝑥=86 𝑙𝑏 ; 𝑊𝑚𝑖𝑛=14 𝑙𝑏

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