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Understanding Marine Radar Navigation

Radar uses radio waves to determine the range and direction of objects. It is valuable for navigation and collision avoidance. Radar works by transmitting radio pulses that bounce off objects and return to the radar unit. By measuring the time it takes for the signal to return, radar can calculate the distance to objects. It presents this information visually on screen to help mariners safely navigate waters and avoid collisions with other vessels or hazards. While useful, radar does have some limitations like not detecting small targets, obscuring targets in heavy weather, and occasionally displaying false readings.

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Mahami M Prosper
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574 views15 pages

Understanding Marine Radar Navigation

Radar uses radio waves to determine the range and direction of objects. It is valuable for navigation and collision avoidance. Radar works by transmitting radio pulses that bounce off objects and return to the radar unit. By measuring the time it takes for the signal to return, radar can calculate the distance to objects. It presents this information visually on screen to help mariners safely navigate waters and avoid collisions with other vessels or hazards. While useful, radar does have some limitations like not detecting small targets, obscuring targets in heavy weather, and occasionally displaying false readings.

Uploaded by

Mahami M Prosper
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Marine Radar Overview: Introduces the concept of marine radar highlighting its digital and practical importance in navigation.
  • Function and Uses of Radar: Explores the definition of radar and its significant uses in navigation to prevent collisions and aid in piloting.
  • Components and Basic Operation: Describes how radar works by explaining the basic operation and components involved in its functioning, including important parameters affecting range.
  • Radar Terminologies: Defines key terms and concepts related to radar technology to provide foundational understanding.
  • Radar Setup Procedure: Details the procedural steps necessary to set up radar equipment effectively before its operation.
  • Radar Frequency Bands: Compares X Band and S Band radar features with their benefits and limitations in different marine conditions.
  • Radar Operational Mechanics: Examines the detailed operations of marine radar and the technical processes involved in marine navigation detection.
  • Radar Schematic Diagram: Presents a basic block diagram highlighting components like transmitter, antenna, and display in radar systems.
  • Common Radar Errors: Lists typical radar errors one might encounter during operation and their possible implications.
  • Limitations of Radar: Discusses the limitations of radar technology in detecting certain objects under specific conditions.

Marine Radar

MAHAMI
Radar

 Radar
Radar

Radar is a word derived from "radio detection and ranging". It is of


great practical
value to the navigator in the piloting waters. Radars are not only used
to locate
navigational aids and to perform radar navigation, but they are also
used for tracking
other vessels in the vicinity so as to avoid risk of collision.
Radar determines distance to an object by measuring the time
required for a radio
signal to travel from a transmitter to the object and return. Such
measurements can be
converted into lines of position (LOP’s) comprised of circles with
Radar stands for Radio Detection
and Ranging

 The radar we use on boats is used to determine three things;


 Range (from pulse delay)
 Velocity (from Doppler frequency shift)
 Angular direction (from antenna pointing

 And has two uses;


 Position fixing or confirmation (piloting)
 Collision avoidance
Radar is How Radar Works simply

 simply a radio. It sends out a pulse, bounces it off of something and measures the time
it takes to make the round trip. The shorter the time the closer the target.
 Radar uses two things, echo and Doppler shift. You hear these every day

Important radar Range Parameters


Antenna Height
Height of the Target
Size of the Target
Target Reflecting Area
Materials of the Target
Shape of the Target
Weather Conditions
Basic terms

• radar • display
• tracking • cathode ray tube (CRT)
• range • console
• bearing • radar repeater
• target • radarscope
• reference source • scope
• echo • plan position indicator
• scanner • (PPI)
• radar beam • LOP
• indirect echo • true motion radar
• side-lobe effect • relative motion radar
• radar range • racon
• scanning
RADAR SETUP

 First of all i will make sure the nobody working or no


obstruction near the scanner.
 There are no any notices near the radar.
 Set the gain control, brilliance and anti clutter controls to
minimize.
 Then i will switch on the radar and radar show the digital
clock in countdown mode.
 Then radar will be come in standby mode.
 I will adjust the brilliance control. Brilliance must be set
with gain and anti clutter control to minimum.
I will check the just visibly and i will read everything on radar
screen and match the all information on radar screen for other
equipment
X BAND S BAND
X BAND 3CM 9GHz short wave length. S BAND 10CM 3GHz long wave lenth.

Scanner 6 feet Scanner 12 feet

Short range Long range

Small echo size Bigger echo size

Use to find sort range target. Find out long range target.
Use in coastal water, pilotage and narrow Use in open sea to avoid collision.
channels
Give clear picture. Better look through cloud and rain.

Good for bearing discrimination Poor for bearing discrimination

In fair weather a target will show up better on 9 Better at detecting target in rain.
GHz radar
Can detect a search and rescue Radar horizon greater then
transponder (SART). At range 9GHz radar.
approx 8 to 12 miles
  Sea cutter response better then
9GHz their targets are less likely to
be heeder.
X Band or 3 cm radar

Radar wavelengths are expressed in centimetres, the


commonest commercial marine radar being 3 cm (actually 3.1
to 3.2 cm). This corresponds to a frequency of 9300 to 9500
megahertz (millions of cycles per second) and is called X-band
radar.
A 3 cm radar requires a smaller scanner to achieve the desired
beamwidth and definition as compared with a 10 cm radar. X-
band radars are particularly suited to coastal navigation and
pilotage due to their high picture definition and quality. On the
negative side a 3 cm radar produces more side lobes than a 10
cm radar and the radio waves are not as refracted to the same
extent. Therefore they will not achieve the same range as a 10
cm radar.
Radar is How Radar Works

The operation of the marine radars can be explained as


follows:
• There is an antenna on the top of the radar that
continuously rotates and flashes
• The flashes actually are frequency beams that are
transmitted from the radar to
• find out whether there any objects present in the path of
the ship
• The frequency and the time taken by the flashes to return
(reflections) to the radar
• receiver of the ship helps to find out whether the route of
the boat can be
• continued with or not
• On the display screen, the reflections can be seen so that
identifying the actual
 

RADAR ERROR
 
False echo
Multiple echo
Indirect echo
Ghost echo
Second echo
Radar to radar interference
LIMITATION OF RADAR
 
Small vessel, ice and other floating object may not be detected
at an adequate range.
Use of sea or rain clutter may obscure some targets.
Minimum range.
Blind and shadow sectors.
False echo.
A false echo is a type of false pip that appears on the display where there is actually
no target at all.

Multiple echoes
Multiple echoes occur when a transmitted pulse returns from a solid
object like a large ship, bridge, or breakwater.

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