PT Specialist training
Elongation calculation
Elongation calculation
Theoretical Calculated
stress elongation
Design office
Site
Actual stress in Measured
the tendon elongation
Site control
Friction losses – Case 1
Straight tendon stress from a single extremity or from both ends
Tension Tension Tension
x x
σ0 σ0
x x
Friction losses – Case 1
Straight tendon stress from a single extremity or from both ends
Tension Tension Tension
x x
σ0 σ0
x x
Friction losses – Case 2
Curved tendon (constant radius), stressed from one or two
extremities
Tension Tension
x
x
Tension
σ0 σ0
x x
Friction losses
Curved tendon (constant radius), stressed from one or two
extremities
Tension Tension
x
x
Tension
σ0 σ0
x x
Friction losses – Case 3
Tendon with variable layout stressed from 1 or 2 extremities
Tension Tension
x
x
Tension
σ0 σ0
x
Friction losses – Case 3
Tendon with variable layout stressed from 1 or 2 extremities
Tension Tension
x x
Tension
σ0 σ0
x
Friction losses - Calculation
2 Types of friction :
- Wobble proportionnal to the sheath lenght – x (m)
wobble coefficient - (m-1)
- Angular Friction proportionnal to the angle of deviation - (rad)
angular friction coefficient - f (rad-1)
Losses are a fonction of (x + f)
Friction coefficient (BPEL 91)
f (rad-1) -1
Case Type of PT steel (m )
3≤R≤6m R≥6m
I-
Smooth stranded
22 - R 0,16 0,002
wires
Tendons which do not 100
cross any joint
Strands 24 - R 0,18 0,002
100
II -
Smooth stranded
24 - R 0,18 0,003
wires
Tendons crossing many 100
contruction joints
Strands 26 - R 0,2 0,003
100
Friction losses - Calculation
At the point A, following a sheath length xA and deviated
with an angle related to the origine O :
A = O exp – (φ xA + f
On short lengths, the calculation can be done using the
approximate formula :
A = O ( 1 - (φ xA + f
Friction losses
Numeral exemple 1a: straight tendon stressed from 1 end
50 m long straigth tendon xA = … m = … rad
Friction coefficient φ = 0.002 m-1 f = 0.18 rad-1
Initial stress : 0.8 frg O = 0.8 x 1860 = … Mpa
Stress in A : Tension
A = O ( 1 - (φ xA + f
A = … σ0 x A
A = … Mpa
A = … O
x
Friction losses
Numeral exemple 1a: straight tendon stressed from 1 end
50 m long straigth tendon xA = 50 m = 0 rad
Friction coefficient φ = 0.002 m-1 f = 0.18 rad-1
Initiale stress : 0.8 frg O = 0.8 x 1860 = 1488 Mpa
Tension
Stress en A :
A = O ( 1 - (φ xA + f
σ0 x
A = 1488 ( 1 - (0.002 x 50 + 0.18 x 0 A
A = 1339 Mpa
A = 0.90 O
x
Friction losses
Numeral exemple 1b: straight tendon stressed from both ends:
50 m de long straight tendon xA = … m = … rad
Friction coefficient φ = 0.002 m-1 f = 0.18 rad-1
Initial stress : 0.8 frg O = 0.8 x 1860 = 1488 Mpa
Tension Tension
Stress en A : A
A = O ( 1 - (φ xA + f σ0 x
A = ….
A = … Mpa
A = …. O
x
Friction losses
Numeral exemple 1b: straight tendon stressed from both ends:
50 m de long straight tendon xA = 25 m = 0 rad
Friction coefficient φ = 0.002 m-1 f = 0.18 rad-1
Initial tension : 0.8 frg O = 0.8 x 1860 = 1488 Mpa
Tension Tension
Stress en A : A
A = O ( 1 - (φ xA + f σ0 x
A = 1488 ( 1 - (0.002 x 25
A = 1414 Mpa
A = 0.95 O
x
Friction losses
Numeral exemple 2 : curved tendon stressed from 1 end :
50 m long tendon xA = … m
Deviation de 5° = …° = … /180 = …. rad
Friction coefficient φ = 0.002 m-1 f = 0.18 rad-1
Initiale stress : 0.8 frg O = 0.8 x 1860 = 1488 Mpa
Stress in A : A = O ( 1 - (φ xA + f
A = ….
A = … Mpa
A = …. O
Les pertes par frottement
Numeral exemple 2 : curved tendon stressed from 1 end :
50 m long tendon xA = 50 m
Deviation of 5° = 5° = 5 /180 = 0.087 rad
Friction coefficient φ = 0.002 m-1 f = 0.18 rad-1
Initial stress : 0.8 frg O = 0.8 x 1860 = 1488 Mpa
Stress in A : A = O ( 1 - (φ xA + f
A = 1488 ( 1 - (0.002 x 50 + 0.18 x 0.087
A = 1319 Mpa
A = 0.88 O
Friction losses
Numeral exemple 3 : Tendon with variable layout – stressed from 1end
Tension x O = 0.75 x 1860 = … MPa
xOA = 30 m OA = 0
0 A
Straight Deviated xAB = 35 m AB = / 2
part part B
Radius of curvature :
R = xAB/ AB = 35 / ( / 2) = ... m
A = O ( 1 - (φOA xOA + fOA OA
Friction coefficient :
A = … ( 1 - (……………………
φOA = … m-1 fOA = … rad-1
A = ….. MPa
φAB = … m-1 fAB = … rad-1
B = A ( 1 - (φAB xAB + fAB AB
B = …..(1- ( …………………...))
B = …. MPa = … O
Les pertes par frottement
Numeral exemple 3 : Tendon with variable layout – stressed from 1 end
Tension x O = 0.75 x 1860 = 1395 MPa
xOA = 30 m OA = 0
0 A
Straight Deviated xAB = 35 m AB = / 2
part part B
Radius of curvature :
R = xAB/ AB = 35 / ( / 2) = 22.3 m
A = O ( 1 - (φOA xOA + fOA OA
Friction coefficient :
A = 1395 ( 1 - (0.002 x 30
φOA = 0.002 m-1 fOA = 0.18 rad-1
A = 1311 MPa
φAB = 0.002 m-1 fAB = 0.18 rad-1
B = A ( 1 - (φAB xAB + fAB AB
B = 1311 (1- ( 0.002 x 35 +0.18 x /2))
B = 849 MPa = 0.61 O
Elongation calculation
The elongation of the tendon during tensioning is :
( x)
l dx
Ep
In practise, the approximate formula may be used :
lOA : Elongation between O and A (mm)
mOA lOA mOA : average stress between O and A (Mpa)
lOA
Ep lOA : length between O and A (mm)
Ep : modulus of elasticity of the strands (Mpa)
This formula shall only be used between two points where the friction
coefficient and the geometry do not vary.
Elongation calculation
Numeral exemple 1 : 50 m long straight tendon
Stressed from 1 end Stressed from both ends
lOA = … mm lOA = … mm
O = 1488 MPa σ0 O = 1488 MPa σ0 A
A
A = 1339 MPa A = 1414 MPa
mOA = …. MPa x
mOA = …. MPa
x
Ep = 190 000 Mpa Ep = 190 000 Mpa
OA = mOA . lOA / Ep OA = mOA . lOA / Ep
OA = …. OA = ….
OA = … mm OA = … mm
Total elongation of the tendon : … mm Total elongation of the tendon : … mm
Elongation calculation
Numeral exemple 1 : 50 m long straight tendon
Stressed from 1 end Stressed from both ends
lOA = 50 000 mm lOA = 25 000 mm
O = 1488 MPa σ0 O = 1488 MPa σ0 A
A
A = 1339 MPa A = 1414 MPa
mOA = 1414 MPa x
mOA = 1451 MPa
x
Ep = 190 000 Mpa Ep = 190 000 Mpa
OA = mOA . lOA / Ep OA = mOA . lOA / Ep
OA = 1414 x 50 000 / 190 000 OA = 1451 x 25 000 / 190 000
OA = 372 mm OA = 191 mm
Total elongation of the tendon : 372 mm Total elongation of the tendon : 382 mm
Elongation calculation
Numeral exemple 3 : tendon with variable layout – stressed from1 end
lOA = … mm Ep = 190 000 Mpa
lAB = … mm OA = mOA . lOA / Ep
O = 1488 MPa OA = ….
A = 1339 Mpa OA = … mm
B = 849 MPa
mOA = …. Mpa AB = mAB . lAB / Ep
mAB = …. Mpa AB = ….
Tension x 30 m AB = … mm
35 m
0 A
Straight Deviated Total elongation of the tendon : … mm
part part B
Elongation calculation
Numeral exemple 3 : tendon with variable layout – stressed from1 end
lOA = 30 000 mm Ep = 190 000 Mpa
lAB = 35 000 mm OA = mOA . lOA / Ep
O = 1488 MPa OA = 1414 x 30000 / 190000
A = 1339 Mpa OA = 223 mm
B = 849 MPa
mOA = 1414 Mpa AB = mAB . lAB / Ep
mAB = 1094 Mpa AB = 1094 x 35000 / 190000
Tension x 30 m AB = 201 mm
35 m
0 A
Straight Deviated Total elongation of the tendon : 424
part part B mm
Exercice – Elongation calculation for a prestressing tendon of a
continous beam with 2 symetric spans
Tendon 19 C 15 - Strand 15,2 Classe 1770 Mpa
Initial stress : 0,8 frg
O A B C D
lOA = 12 m OA = 8°
lAB = 20 m AB = 0° Calculate the total
lBC = 10 m BC = 15° elongation of the
lCD = 10 m CD = 15° tendon
Exercice – Elongation calculation for a prestressing tendon of a
continous beam with 2 symetric spans
Friction coefficients : = … m-1 x = …rad-1
O OA A AB B BC C CD D
x (m)
(rad)
x+f
1 – ( x + f )
(MPa)
m (MPa) Total
l (mm)
The total elongation of the prestressing tendon is … mm
Exercice – Elongation calculation for a prestressing tendon of a
continous beam with 2 symetric spans
Friction coefficients : = 0,002 m-1 x = 0,18 rad-1
O OA A AB B BC C CD D
x (m) 12 20 10 10
(rad) 0,140 0 0,262 0,262
x+f 0,049 0,040 0,067 0,067
1 – ( x + f ) 0,951 0,960 0,933 0,933
(MPa) 1416 1346 1293 1206 1125
m (MPa) 1381 1319 1249 1165 Total
l (mm) 87 139 66 61 353
The total elongation of the prestressing tendon is 706 mm
The End
