RESEARCH

11:20 – 11:50
TTh
WHAT is RESEARCH?
RESEARCH
It is a systematic inquiry to
describe, explain, predict and
control the observed
phenomenon.
It involved inductive and
deductive methods.
INDUCTIVE METHOD
Analyze the observed
phenomenon and identify the
general principles, structures,
or processes underlying the
phenomenon observed.
DEDUCTIVE METHOD
Verify the
hypothesized
principles through
observations.
 Inductive and
Deductive Methods
The purposes are
different.
 Inductive Methods

PURPOSE:
To develop
explanations
 Deductive Methods

PURPOSE:
To test or check the validity
of the explanations.
RESEARCH
It is a process steps used
to collect and analyze data
or information to increase
our understanding of a
topic or issue.
RESEARCH
It discover new
knowledge.
It seeks answer to
questions.
3 IMPORTANT STEPS:
POSE a Question
Collect data to answer
the question
Present an answer to
the question
RESEARCH
It discover new
knowledge.
It seeks answer to
questions.
TYPES OF RESEARCH
Types of research
method can be classified
into several categories
according to the nature
and purpose of the study
and other attributes.
TYPES OF RESEARCH
In Methodology chapter,
you are expected to
specify and discuss the
type of research according
to the following:
 CLASSIFICATION OF
TYPES OF RESEARCH
METHOD

QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Describes, infers, and resolves
problems using numbers.
Emphasis is placed on the
collection of numerical data, the
summary of those data and the
drawing of the inferences from
the data.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
BASED on words, feelings and
emotions, SOUNDS AND
NON-NUMERICAL AND
unquantifiable elements.
It has been noted that “
information is considered
qualitative in nature if it cannot
be analyzed by means of
 TYPES OF RESEARCH
according to the NATURE OF
THE STUDY
DESCRIPTIVE
RESEARCH
ANALYTICAL
RESEARCH
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
Usually involves surveys and
studies that aim to identify the
facts.
Mainly deals with the
“description of the state of
affairs as it is at present,
And there’s no control over
ANALYTICAL RESEARCH
The researcher has to use
facts or information
already available and
analyze these in order to
make a critical evaluation
of the material.
 TYPES OF RESEARCH
according to the PURPOSE OF
THE STUDY

APPLIED
RESEARCH
FUNDAMENTAL
APPLIED RESEARCH

Also known as
action research.
FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH

Also known as
BASIC or PURE
RESEARCH.
Similarities….
Related to the
adoption of a
systematic and
scientific procedure
to conduct the
What are the purposes of
research?
According to Patton
(1990), research has
four classifications
based on different
purposes.
BASIC RESEARCH
THIS research is more
descriptive in nature exploring
WHAT, WHY and HOW
questions.
Purpose of this research is to
understand and explain the
phenomenon.
EVALUATION RESEARCH

SUMMATIVE AND
FORMATIVE
EVALUATION
SUMMATIVE EVALUATION

Purpose is to judge
the effectiveness of a
program, policy or
product.
FORMATIVE EVALUATION

Purpose is to
IMPROVE human
interventions within the
specific conditions
such as activities, time
ACTION RESEARCH
Aims at solving scientific
problems within a program,
organization, or community.
Describe that design and data
collection in action research
tend to be informal .
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Has at least on
independent variable
called the experimental
variable, is deliberately
manipulated or varied by
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Variable- element or
characteristics being
studied.
Parameter- element
that remains unchanged
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
DIRECTED TOWARD
THE SOLUTION OF A
problem.
Based on observable
experience.
Involves gathering new data
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
Involves carefully designed
procedures that apply
rigorous analysis.
Requires expertise.
Carefully recorded and
reported for scrutiny of and
possible replication by other
FRUITS OF RESEARCH…
Better ways of preventing
and treating diseases.
Improved production and
preservation of agricultural
products better consumer
products.
FRUITS OF RESEARCH…
High technology gadgets
and appliances
Better ways of
understanding the behaviour
of individuals and groups.
SCIENCE INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT (SIP)
USES a scientific method to study
the test an idea about how
something works.
It involves researching topics,
formulating a working theory (or
hypothesis) that can be tested,
conducting experiments, and