WHAT IS NATURAL VENTILATION ?
• NATURAL VENTILATION IS THE PROCESS OF
SUPPLYING AND REMOVING AIR THROUGH A SPACE
BY NATURAL MEANS IT CAN BE ACHIEVED WITH
OPENABLE WINDOWS OR TRICKLE VENTS.
• NATURAL VENTILATION AND AIR MOVEMENT CAN BE
SIMPLY ACHEVIED BY ‘STRUCTURAL CONTROLS’ AS IT
DOES NOT DEPENDS ON ANY FORM OF EXTERNAL
ENERGY SUPPLY OR MECHANICAL INSTALLATION.
SECTION SHOWING AIR FLOW
WHY NATURAL VENTILATION ?
• NATURAL VENTLILATION STARTED FROM HISTORY
ACCORDING TO THE DIFFERENT CLIMATES
TYPICAL SECTION THROUGH SHAHAJAHANABAD HOUSE. TO
FACILITATE THE MOMENT OF COOL AIR INTO THE HOUSE,
PARAPETS ARE NOT BUIL TOWARDS THE COURTYARD
VARIOUS TECHNQUES USED IN OLD TIMES :-
•
WINDOW FOR VIEW AN
JALI VENTILATION USED
AT
AMBER FORT
MULTI-DIRECTIONAL
WINDCATCHER
DOUBLE APERTURES
USED FOR ENSURING
VENTILATION
IN SHAHJAHANABAD
HOUSES
COLUMN COURTYARD COOLING SYSTEM-DIWAN E-KHAS, RED FORT, DELHI
WHY NATURAL VENTILATION
• THEN PEOPLE STARTED
USING EXTERNAL
ENERGY FOR THERMAL
COMFORT.
• TIME PASSES AND IT
GROWNED UP IN MORE
SOPHISTICATED WAY.
WHY NATURAL VENTILATION
AND AGAIN DUE
TO ENERGY CRISES
AND COMLEXITY
OF INSTALLATION
AND FOR THE
NEW LINE OF
EVOLUTION
PEOPLE STARTED
USING NATURAL
VENTILATION
FLOW OF AIR IN KANCHANJANGA APARTMENT MUMBAI
DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES TO ACHIEVE
NATURAL VENTILATION:-
• STACK EFFECT
• WIND TOWER
• COURTYARD EFFECT
• SOLAR CHIMNEY
STACK EFFECT :-
STACK EFFECT DEPENDS ON THERMAL FORCES AND
DIFFERENCE IN TEMPERATURE .
REASON OF STACK EFFECT :-
• PRESSURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE OUTSIDE AIR
AND THE AIR INSIDE THE BUILDING CAUSED BY
DIFFERENCE IN TEMPERATURE
Outdoor air Outdoor air
Section
•
• STACK EFFECT WORK WELL – WINTER
• HIGHER THE SHAFT AND CROSS SECTION AREA
GREATER THE STACK EFFECT
• ‘MOTIVE FORCE’ – STACK PRESSURE
• STACK PRESSURE CAN BE CALCULATED FROM:-
• PS = TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE IN
DEG C
HEIGHT OF THE
STACK IN M
STACK PRESSURE
IN N/M2
STACK VENTILATION SECTIONS :-
TALL ROOMS TALL ROOMS AT EDGE
TALL ROOMS WITHIN STAIRS AS STACK
WIND TOWER
• AIR ENTERS IN WIND TOWER THROUGH OPENINGS-
COOLED DOWN- BECOMES HEAVIER AND SINKS DOWN
( PRESENCE OF AIR MOVEMENT)
• AFTER WHOLE DAY AIR EXCHANGE – TOWER BECOMES
WARM IN THE EVENING .
• TOWER WALLS ABSORBS HEAT DURING DAYTIME AND
RELASES AT NIGHT WARMING COOL NIGHT AIR AT NIGHT.
WIND TOWER
A TYPICAL WIND TOWER SECTION
DIFFERENT TYPES OF WIND TOWERS :-
WATER SUPPLY
EVAPORATIVE COOLING
MULTI DIRECTIONAL WIND CATCHER
EVAPORATIVE COOLING
EVAPORATIVE COOLING METHOD
WIND TOWER AND EVAPORATIVE
TECHNIQUE USED IN INDIA :-
VENTS CONNECTING WIND
TOWER
A VIEW OF THE WIND TOWER
USED IN A HOSTEL BUILDING
(JODHPUR)
WIND TOWER AND EVAPORATIVE
TECHNIQUE USED IN INDIA :-
SECTION OF THE BUILDING
EVAPORATIVE COOLING
SYSTEM IN TORRENT RESEARCH
CENTRE, (AHMEDABAD)
PLAN OF THE BUILDING
COURTYARD EFFECT:-
DUE TO INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION IN A COURTYARD,
AIR GETS WARMER AND RISES , COOL AIR FROM
GROUND LEVEL FLOWS THROUGH THE LOWER
OPENINGS
RADIATION TO SKY
LANDSCAPE OR WATER BODY
SECTION SHOWING COURTYARD EFFECT
HOW COURTYARD COURTYARD EFFECT WORK:-
IN SUCH PLACES NIGHT VENTILATION IS NOT VERY EFFECTIVE FOR
COOLING AND NIGHT SKY RADIATION IS THE ONLY ANSWER.
TO FACILITATE THE MOMENT OF
PARAPET TOWARDS ROAD
COOL AIR INTO THE
SIDE TO AVOID OUTSIDE
HOUSE,PARAPETS ARE NOT BUILT
HEAT
TOWARDS LIVING AREA
SECTION OF SAHAJANABAD DELHI
COURTYARD IN MODERN BUILDING :-
VIEW
SUNKEN COURTYARD INSIDE
THE BUILDING WITH WATER
BODY AND LANDSCAPE
PLAN
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF INDIAN STUDIES (GURGAON):-
NATURAL VENTILATION EXTERNAL
FEATURES:-
• ORIENTATION OF BUILDINGS
• POSITION OF OPENINGS
• CROSS VENTILATION
• SIZE OF OPENINGS
• OPENING TYPES
MASSING AND ORIENTATION OF BUILDING:-
• AS A GENERAL RULE, THIN TALL BUILDINGS WILL
ENCOURAGE NATURAL VENTILATION AND UTILIZE
PREVAILING WINDS, CROSS VENTILATION, AND STACK
EFFECT.
• TALL BUILDINGS ALSO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
NATURAL VENTILATION, BECAUSE WIND SPEEDS ARE FASTER
AT GREATER HEIGHTS
Tall buildings improve natural
ventilation, and in lower latitudes
reduce sun exposure.
OREINTATION :-
ORIENTING THE BUILDING SO
THAT THE SHORTER AXIS ALIGN
WITH THE PREVAILING WIND
WHILE ORIENTING IT
PERPENDICULAR TO PREVAILING
WINDS WILL PROVIDE THE LEAST
PASSIVE VENTILATION.
OPENING SIZE:-
SMALL
LARGE INLET
OUTLET
Pairing a large outlet with a small inlet
increases incoming wind speed.
OPENING TYPE:-
OPENING CAN BE ANY TYPE ACCORDING TO THE
BUILDING TYPE AND CLIMATIC CONDITION
CROSS VENTILATION:-
WINDOWS OR VENTS PLACED ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF
THE BUILDING GIVE NATURAL BREEZES A PATHWAY
THROUGH THE STRUCTURE.
SCOPE –
• TO MINIMIZE THE EXTERNAL ENERGY OR MECHANICAL SYSTEM.
• IMPLEMENTATION OF NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM- NATURAL
DAYLIGHTING CAN BE PROVIDED.
• THERMAL COMFORT CAN BE ACQUIRED WITH LESS ECONOMICAL
BUDGET
