STONE MASONRY
•ASHLAR MASONRY
• RUBBLE MASONRY
ASHLAR MASONRY
• Ashlar is dressed stone work of any type of stone. Ashlar
blocks are large rectangular blocks of masonry sculpted to
have square edges and even faces.
• This type of masonry is much costly as it requires dressing of
stones.
Types of ashlar masonry
• Ashlar Fine tooled
• Ashlar Rough tooled
• Ashlar rock, rustic or quarry faced
• Ashlar chamfered
• Ashlar block in course
• Ashlar facing
Ashlar Fine tooled
• In this type of stone masonry
stone blocks of same height in
each course are used.
• Every stone is fine tooled on all
sides.
• Thickness of mortar is uniform
through out.
• It is an expensive type of stone
masonry as it requires heavy
labour and wastage of material
while dressing.
• Satisfactory bond can be
obtained in this type of stone
masonry.
Ashlar Rough tooled
• This type of ashlar
masonry the sides of
the stones are rough
tooled and dressed
with chisels.
• Thickness of joints is
uniform, which does
not exceed 6mm.
Ashlar rock, rustic or quarry faced
• This type of ashlar
masonry is similar to
rough tooled type
except that there is
chisel-drafted margin
left rough on the face
which is known as
quarry faced.
Ashlar chamfered
• It is similar to quarry
faced except that the
edges are beveled or
chamfered to 450 for
depth of 2.5 cm or
more.
Ashlar block in course
• It is the name given to a
class of ashlar masonry
which occupies an
intermediate place
between rubble and
ashlars.
• The stones are all
squared and properly
dressed. It resembles to
coursed rubble masonry
or rough tooled ashlar
masonry.
Ashlar facing
• Ashlar facing is the best
type of ashlars masonry.
• Since this is type of
masonry is very expensive,
it is not commonly used
throughout the whole
thickness of the wall,
except in works of great
importance and strength.
• For economy the facing
are built in ashlars and the
rest in rubble.
RUBBLE MASONRY
RUBBLE MASONRY
• Either undressed or
roughly dressed
stones are laid in a
suitable mortar.
• Joints are not of
uniform thickness.
TYPES OF RUBBLE MASONRY
• Random rubble masonry
• Squared rubble masonry
• Dry rubble masonry
• Miscellaneous types
1. RANDOM RUBBLE MASONRY
• Either undressed or
hammer dressed
stones are used
• Types:
1) Un coursed random
rubble masonry
2) Coursed random
rubble masonry
Random rubble Random rubble
(uncoursed) (coursed)
• Stones are of wide • Courses are of
sizes different height
• Difficulty in arranging • Quoins are referred
to define a course
so as to avoid the
• Better than
vertical joints
uncoursed random
• Headers, quoins and rubble masonry
through stones are
used
2. SQUARE RUBBLE (regular coursed)
TYPES OF SQUARE RUBBLE MASONRY
• 1) Un coursed square rubble
masonry
• 2) Coursed square rubble
masonry
• 3) Regular coursed rubble
masonry
UNCOURSED SQUARED RUBBLE MASONRY
• The face stones
are squared on
all joints
• Stones are
brought to
hammer dressed
or chisel dressed
before their
actual laying.
COURSED SQUARE RUBBLE MASONRY
• Work is levelled upto courses of varying depth
• Courses are of different height
• Each course consists of quoins, jzaamb stones, bonders and
through stones of same height
REGULAR COURSED SQUARE RUBBLE
MASONRY
• The wall consists of various courses of varying height, but the
height of stone in a particular course is the same
3. DRY RUBBLE MASONRY
• Mortar is not used in the joints
• Cheap, requires more skilled labour
• Used in non load bearing wall
4. MISCELLANEOUS TYPE
A. POLYGONAL
WALLING
• Stones are hammer
finished on face to an
irregular polygon
shape
• Types: rough picked
and close picked
B. FLINT WALLING
• Flints and cobbles are used
• Stones vary in width & thickness
• Irregularly shaped nodules of silica
• Stones are brittle & break easily
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