PERSISTENT STORAGE

By-Aryan Mehta
 Persistent storage is any data storage
device that retains data after power to It is also known as non-volatile storage.
that device is shut off.

Magnetic media, such as hard disk

drives and tape are common types of Persistent storage systems can be in the
persistent storage, as are the various form of file, block or object storage.
forms of optical media such as DVD.

WHAT IS PERSISTENCE STORAGE?

TYPES OF PERSISTENCE
STORAGE
1. CD
2. ZIP Drive
3. USB Flash Memory(Pen drive)
4. SD Card
5. Hard Disks
A pre-pressed compact disc that contains data.

A compact disc is a flat, round, optical storage medium invented by James Russell.

The first CD was created at a Philips factory in Germany on August 17, 1982.

CDs can store software programs so that you may load them onto your computer. They save files for backup or transfer
to another computer, as well as hold music to play in a CD player.

It was the successor of the Floppy Disk and the predecessor of DVD and Blu-ray discs.

CD(COMPACT DISC)
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF CD
Advantages Disadvantages
 Small and Portable  Fairly fragile, easy to snap or scratch
 Very cheap to produce  Smaller storage capacity than a hard drive or
DVD
 Most computers can read CDs. If there is no
CD drive, a DVD drive an usually read them  Slower to access than hard disk.
 Fairly fast to access the data – quicker than
magnetic tape
Property Notes
Type of Storage Optical
Data Access Direct Access
Cost of Storage CDs cost more byte of storage than DVDs, hard disks, magnetic tapes or flash memory
Capacity Usually 650 Megabytes
Speed Slower than hard disk or flash memory, faster than magnetic tape
Portability Very portable, cannot be put in pocket but can easily put in a bag
Durability Easily scratched, by general wear and tear or by not putting it in a plastic case
Reliability If scratched, the data might be corrupted

PROPERTIES OF CD
ZIP DRIVE
 A Zip drive is a small, portable disk drive used primarily for backing
up and archiving personal computer files.
 The trademarked Zip drive was developed and is sold by Iomega
Corporation.
 Zip disks were originally launched with capacities of 100 MB, then
250 MB, and then 750 MB.
 It was popular at the time of launch as cost per storage unit was
lower than that of hard disks, and it could store a larger amount of
data than a floppy disk.
 The Zip drive was capable of fast data transfer and was durable and
reliable.
 It is now replaced by devices like USBs or Hard Disks.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF ZIP DRIVE
Advantages Disadvantages

 These days zip drives are almost useless as  Very small storage capacity compared to the devices
they have have been succeeded by devices that exist today
like USBs.  Zip disks transfer data faster than floppy disks.
Whereas the latter read and write data at a speed of
 At the time, hard drive capacities were approximately 125 kilobytes per second (kbps), the
considerably smaller, and a rewritable Zip disk can read and write data at a rate of 1
storage medium with capacity that went megabyte per second (mbps). This has since fallen
far behind the speed of more modern storage
into hundreds of megabytes was a massive systems. For example, a standard 72x CD-ROM can
improvement over floppy disks (CD drives read data at a rate of over 10 mbps.
- let alone CD writers - were quite  Zip disks are very portable and can be inserted or
expensive), large enough to serve as a ejected from any Zip drive connected to any
backup medium in many cases. computer.
PEN DRIVE
 It acts as a storage device which can be carried in the pocket from one place to another.
 Pen drives are the small devices of portable Universal Serial Bus (USB) of flash memory.
 The pen drive gets its name because the first pen drive was made like a pen, and they are
small enough to fit into a pocket. Other names of pen drive include flash drive, jump drive,
and thumb drive.
 Pen drives have replaced the floppy drives of old and have become the most popular data-
storage devices among consumers. 

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF PEN DRIVE
Advantages Disadvantages

 Small and Light:The biggest advantage of pen  Risk of Loss of Pen Drive due to its Small Size: Since
drive is that it is very small in size and light and pen drives are of small size and are usually kept in pockets
therefore it can be carried anywhere. It can even the risk of loss of pen drives is more because an individual
be kept in the pocket as it is very light which is can easily drop it from the pocket without him or her even
knowing about it which in turn can be dangerous if it
not the case with other storage devices like CD,
contains confidential data and information. Hence small
DVD and floppy disks which are big in size and
size makes it more vulnerable to getting misplaced by an
therefore cannot be carried easily. individual as compared to other storage devices like CD
 Size: Previously pen drive could carry up to only and DVD.
8 GB of data but nowadays pen drive can carry  Damage if not Handled Properly: If pen drive is not kept
even 1 TB of data and hence if one wants to carefully than chances of it getting corrupt or not working
transfer large amount of data than also pen drive are substantially higher and hence one has to take care of
makes it easy as all data can be stored in 1 pen pen drives if they want to increase the lifespan of pen
drive only resulting in ease of high volumes of drive.
data transfer for an individual.
 SD CARD
 A Secure Digital (SD) card is a tiny flash card memory designed for
high-capacity memory and various portable devices, such as car
navigation systems, cellular phones, e-books, smartphones, digital
cameras, music players, cameras and computers.
 A Secure Digital card is about the size of a postage stamp and
weighs approximately two grams. It is similar in size to an MMC,
but smaller than older memory card types, such as a Smart Media
card or Compact Flash Card.
 An SD card features a high data transfer rate and low battery
consumption, which are both primary considerations for portable
devices. An SD card uses flash memory to provide non-volatile
storage, which means a power source is not required to retain stored
data.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF SD CARD
Advantages Disadvantages

 Increased Storage: Without any doubts, the first  Break Easily: First off, like other storage media, SD card
advantage is that you can achieve increased can break as well, also easily. It can be subject to electronic
corruption, leading to unreadable card. Plus, the metal part in
storage with ease. Smartphone always comes
the card is pretty sensitive, so can be damaged readily. Once
with limited storage space. So, if you run out of it is corrupted, its data will suffer, too. At that time, you
the internal storage of phone, adding a SD card is would try data recovery, just like to recover PST on
the most effective and simplest way to gain computer.
additional storage space.
 Finite Read/Write Cycles: SD card uses the flash memory
 Cost Effective: It is well-known that a phone like USB flash drive, solid state drive, etc. Such memory has
with high internal memory is much more limited read-write cycles. In short, the SD card is always
expensive than the one with smaller memory. degrading gradually. Thus, its lifespan is finite.
Instead of purchasing a high-storage phone,
buying a SD card with large storage capacity
would be far cheaper.
HARD DISK
 A hard disk drive (HDD) is a non-volatile computer storage device containing magnetic disks
or platters rotating at high speeds.
 It is a secondary storage device used to store data permanently, random access memory
(RAM) being the primary memory device. Non-volatile means data is retained when the
computer is turned off.
 The term hard is used to distinguish it from a soft, or floppy, disk. Hard disks hold more data
and are faster than floppy disks. A hard disk, for example, can store anywhere from 10 to more
than 100 gigabytes, whereas most floppies have a maximum storage capacity of 1.4
megabytes.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF HARD DISK
Advantages Disadvantages
 Price factor  Higher power consumption: Another disadvantage of a hard disk
This is the major factor that makes hard drives advantageous drive is that it consumes more power than SSD. The storage device
despite of their slow speed. Hard drives are still a lot basically needs more power input to rotate the metallic platter and
cheaper than solid state drives. Despite the fact that solid move that magnetic read head. The implication of this is that
state drives prices have came down a lot. Still these are a lot manufacturers would instead opt for an SSD for computers that are
more expensive than their counterparts. A single hard drive more compact or that have limited batter capacity.
can give you several terabytes of space in much lesser   Bulkier form factor: Another disadvantage of a hard disk drive is
price. 
a bulkier form factor. There is a limit on how small HDDs can be
 Storage capacity manufactured because of the need for a rotating metallic platter
For some users, storage capacity matters more than the and a moving read head. This makes HDDs not suitable for mobile
performance. Although flash technology is growing at rapid computing devices such as laptops. Take note that smartphone and
pace and much spacious SSDs are now available for table computer manufacturers have been using an SSD storage
consumers. But a single hard drive can still give you several system.
terabytes of storage space which is not economical with
solid state drives. Solid state drives still have a long journey
ahead of them to reach the point where these will be cheaper
with a lot of data storage space one can imagine.
WHY DO WE
NEED
STORAGE?