What is UML

Diagram…?
 UML stands for “Unified Modeling Language”.

 It is a industry-standard graphical language for specifying,

visualizing, constructing and documenting the artifacts of software
system.

 The UML uses mostly graphical notation to express the ‘analysis’

and ‘design’ of software projects.

 The UML represent a collection of best engineering practices that are

very
helpful in the modeling o large and complex system.

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20
 Why UML for
modeling..?
 It is mostly use for simplifies the complex process of software design.

 The UML is very important part of developing object oriented software

and the software development process.

 The UML helps project teams communicate, explore design and

validate the architectural design of the software.

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 Types of
UML
UML

Structural Behavioral Interaction

Class Diagram Activity Communication
Component State Machine Sequence
Object Use Case Timing
Deployment
Composite
Structure
Package

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 Activity
Diagram…
 Activity diagrams represent the dynamic (behavioral) view of a system.

 Activity diagrams are typically used for business (transaction) process

modeling and modeling the logic captured by a single use-case or usage
scenario.

 Activity diagram is used to represent the flow across use cases or to

represent flow within a particular use case.

 UML activity diagrams are the object oriented equivalent of flow chart and
data flow diagrams in function-oriented design approach.

 Activity diagram contains activities, transitions between activities, decision

points, synchronization bars, swim lanes and many more…
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 Activity
Diagram…
 Describes how activities are coordinated.

 Is particularly useful when you know that an operation has to achieve

a number of different things, and you want to model what the
essential dependencies between them are, before you decide in what
order to do them.

 Records the dependencies between activities, such as which things can

happen in parallel and what must be finished before something else
can start.

 Represents the workflow of the process.

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Activity Diagram…(Notations)
1.
Activity

 The Core symbol is used for Activities.

Activity

 An activity is some task which needs to be done.

 Each activity can be followed by another activity (sequencing).

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 An activity may be a manual thing, so that it’s not necessarily in a program.
Activity Diagram…(Notations)
2. Transmission (Flow)

 When the action or activity of a state completes, flow of control

passes immediately to the next action or activity state

 The flow of control is shown by arrow symbol.

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Activity Diagram…(Notations)
3. Starting and Ending Nodes

 The source of flow of control is known as ‘Initial Node or

Starting Node’.

Starting Node(Mark)

 Destination of flow of control is called ‘Ending Node or Final

Node’.

Ending Node

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 Activity Diagram…
(Notations)
4. Join and Fork
 Join
A block bar with several flows entering in it and one leaving from it. this denotes
the end of parallel activities

4.1 Synch. Bar (Join)

 Fork
A black bar ( horizontal/vertical ) with one flow going into it and several leaving
it. This denotes the beginning of parallel activities

4.2 Splitting Bar (Fork)

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 Activity Diagram…(Notations)

5. Decision and Merge

 Decision
– A diamond with one flow entering
and several leaving. The flow leaving
includes conditions as yes/ no state.

 Merge
– A diamond with several flows entering
and one leaving. The implication is that
all incoming flow to reach this point
until processing continues

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Activity Diagram…(Notations)
[Link] Finaland Swimlane

 Flow final
– The circle with X though it. This indicates
that Process stop at this point

 Swim lane
Received

– A partition in activity diagram by means of form

dashed line, called swim lane. This swim

lane may be horizontal or vertical Payment
fees
Hostel
allotmen
t
Medical
check

– Each zone represents the responsibilities of

a particular class or department Issue identity
card
Issue
library
card

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Activity Diagram…(Notations)
Difference between Join and Merge

 A join is different from a merge in that the join synchronizes two inflows
and produces a single outflow. The outflow from a join cannot execute
until all inflows have been received

 A merge passes any control flows straight through it. If two or

more inflows are received by a merge symbol, the action pointed
to by its outflow is executed two or more times

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Example of Activity
Diagram…

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 Example of Activity
Diagram…
Student

Fill-
in
form Verify the [Found]

[Incorrect]
applications
[Not Found]

Check
Regret message
Registrar

form
[Correct]

Display student
screen

Create record
Input student
System

information
[Match]
1
Search for Student
selection list [No
Match]
Regret
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registratio 14

n
 Drawback of Activity
Diagram…
 Activity diagrams tell you what is happening, but not who does what.

 In domain modelling, this diagram type does not convey which people
or departments are responsible for each activity.

 In programming, it does not convey which class is responsible for

each activity

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 Refere
nce
 Books:
 Software Engineering, A Practitioner’s Approach, By Roger
S. Pressman..
 System Analysis and Design, By Elias M. Awad.

 Web Source:
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]

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