Passive voice

Идэвхгүй хэв

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 Overall review
Voice- хэв

Passive voice
Active voice-
идэвхтэй хэв Идэвхгүй хэв
S+V+O O+to be+V3/Ved
(by S)
16 tenses
10 tenses
Modal verbs
Modal verbs
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 LIST OF ACTIVE TENSES
Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect
continuous
Present I learn English I am I have I have been
learning learned learning
English English English
Past I learned I was I had learned I had been
English learning English learning
English English
Future I will learn I will be I will have I will have
English learning Learned been learning
English English English
Past Future I would learn I would be I would have I would have
English learning learned been learning
English English English
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 LIST OF MODAL VERBS
Modal verbs Similar words
1. Can 1. Need
2. Could
2. Had better
3. May
4. Might 3. Have/ has to
5. Must 4. Have/ has got to
6. ought to 5. Be able to
7. Shall
8. Should
9. Will

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 Structure (өгүүлбрийн бүтэц)
Active voice-ийг хэрхэн passive voice болгох дараалал

1. Object-ийг Subject-ийн байранд оруулна.

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 Main verb vs. auxiliary/ helping verb
Main verb: action
Helping verb:-чихсан4, -ж байна гэх мэт
нэмэлт утга санаа
 He must have gone to the supermarket.
 He was born in 1995.
 He is reading a book
 He reads a book.
 Does he read a book?
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 By
 me
 you
 him
 her
 it
 us
 you
 them
Infinitive= to V

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Жишээ 1:
He (S) reads (V-es) books (O)
1. O+ 2. To be+ 3. V3/ V-ed+ 4. (by S)
Books are read by him
Жишээ 2:
Does he read books?
He reads books.
Books are read by him.
Are books read by him?

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 Active voice Passive voice
Present simple He reads books. Books are read by him.
Present continuous He is reading books. Books are being read by him.
Past simple He read books. Books were read by him.
Past continuous He was reading books. Books were being read by him.
Present perfect He has read books. Books have been read by him.
Past perfect He had read books. Books had been read by him.
Future simple He will read books. Books will be read by him.
Future perfect He will have read books. Books will be read by him.
Modal verb He might read books. Books might be read by him.
Infinitive He has to read books. Books have to be read by him.

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 Usage- хэрэглээ
1. Үйлийн эзэн мэдэгдэхгүй, 2. Сонингийн гарчиг,
чухал биш эсвэл хам сэдэвт албан ёсны мэдэгдэл,
ойлгомжтой заасан үед зар сурталчилгаа,
The vase was broken (хэн заавар, үйл явц гэх мэт
үйлийг хийснийг мэдэхгүй) үйлийн эзнээс илүү үйл
нь чухал зүйлийг
The package will be delivered илэрхийлэхэд
(хэн хийх нь чухал биш)
Mobiles must be turned
Our exam papers have been off during this exam
corrected. (багш шалгалтын
материал зассан нь
ойлгомжтой.)

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 3. Үүрэг хариуцлагаас 5. Албаны эсвэл
мултрахыг оролдох үед эелдэгээр ярихдаа
They were cheated out of My book has been torn
their money
(you tore my book гэхээс
4. Үйлийг хийж байгаа илүү эелдэгээр хэлж
хүнийг онцлохдоо байна.)
The announcement was
made by the Prime Minister
himself.

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 Анхаарах зүйлс
1. Үйл үг transitive эсвэл intransitive гэж хоёр хуваана.
Transitive verbs нь тусагдахуунтай цуг хэрэглэгддэг ба
харин intransitive verbs нь тусагдахуунтай хамт
хэрэглэгддэггүй. Жишээ нь: He laughed (intransitive
verb), he cooked dinner (transitive verb) Зөвхөн
transitive verbs-тэй өгүүлбэр л passive voice-д
хувирна.
Гэхдээ have- байх, fit- таарах, suit- зохих, resemble-
адилхан харагдах гэх мэт үгнүүд passive voice-д
хувирдаггүй. Жишээ нь: the blue shirt suits you гэсэн
өгүүлбэр you are suited by the shirt гэж бичихгүй.

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 2. Let-г passive voice хувиргахдаа be allowed to гэж
бичнэ. Жишээ нь: They let us leave early- We are allowed
to leave early.
3. Өдөр тутмын ярианд ямар нэг зүйлийг санамсаргүй
болсон гэдэг утга санааг илэрхийлэхдээ to be-ийн
оронд to get-ийг хэрэглэж болно. Жишээ нь: the
windows got smashed by the storm.
4. By S-ийг үйлийн эзнийг илэрхийлэхэд хэрэглэдэг
бол харин with багаж, материал, орц гэх мэтийг
ашигласан зүйлийг илэрхийлэхэд хэрэглэнэ. Жишээ
нь: it was made with recycled materials.

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 5. Үйлийн эзэн чухал биш тохиолдолд үйлийн эзнийг
бичихгүй байж болох ба харин чухал үйлийн эзнийг
заавал бичнэ. Жишээ нь: Comedies are enjoyed by
people of all ages.
6. bring, tell, send, show, teach, promise, sell, read, offer,
give, lend гэх мэт үгнүүд хоёр object-той байж болох ба
энэ тохиолдолд хоёр өөрөөр passive voice-д хувирна.
Жишээ нь: She sent me an email. I was send an email by
her (илүү элбэг) эсвэл An email was sent to me by her
(илүү ховор)
7. Who, whom, which гэсэн үгнүүдтэй асуултанд by-ийг
заавал оруулж асууна. Who was this song written by?
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 8. Impersonal/ personal passive
Believe, consider, expect, know, report, say, think
etc. verbs can have both impersonal and personal
passive structure.
People expect that he will win the contest
Personal passive Impersonal passive
He is expected to win the It is expected that he will win
contest the contest.

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 Thanks for
your attention!

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