Queuing system –
One-server model
MEMBERS:
Yuvishais payares
Abner Suarez
Maira carrillo
Andrea Galarcio
Elias Trespalacios
INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF TAILS
He usually considers the Danish A.K. Erlang as a pioneer in queuing theory, with his works
on telecommunications published from 1909 on.
(1878 – 1929)
DEFINITION
Anyone who has had to wait in
front of a traffic light, in line
at a bank or at a fast food
restaurant, has experienced the
dynamics of waiting lines.
(González, 2012)
DESCRIPTION AND CLASSIFICATION
OF QUEUING SYSTEMS
CARACTERÍSTICAS SÍMBOLOS EXPLICACIÓN
D Determinista
M Exponencial
Distribución de la tasa de llegada (A) Distribución de Erlang tipo k,
Eκ
(k=1,2,...)
G General
D Determinista
M Exponencial
Distribución de la tasa de servicio (B) Distribución de Erlang tipo k,
Eκ
(k=1,2,...)
G General
Número de canales (C) 1,2,…,∞
Población limitada a m
Restricción en el tamaño de la población (D) m, ∞
clientes o infi nita
Sistema con capacidad K o
Capacidad del sistema (E) K, ∞
infi nita
FIFO First In, First Out
LIFO Last In, First Out
Disciplina de la cola (F)
SIRO Servicio en orden aleatorio
PR Servicio prioritario
EXISTING ELEMENTS IN A QUEUE
MODEL
Source of entry or Queue discipline
potential population
(first in first out)
customer (last in first out)
(random selection
of service)
Queue capacity
SERVICE MECHANISM
PROVISION OF SERVICE FACILITIES
APPLICATIONS
Service facilities
Post office Bank
Restaurant Market
LITTLE LAW
• Named after the first person who named it John Little, 1954
• Used to calculate system performance.
• Can be applied to any system that processes things, and to systems
within other systems.
• Can be applied to The only requirements are that the system is stable
and non-protective.
• It is used in computer systems, to calculate deadlines of delivery of
works or orders among other functions.
• L= I , λ= R , W= T
• In a company that processes insurance claims, the average
flow rate is 10 claims per hour and the average specific
production capacity time of a team is 6 hours. How many
claims are there in the system on average?
SOLUTION
𝐿= 𝜆 𝑊 𝑜 𝐼 =𝑇𝑅
𝑅=10
𝑇
=6
𝐼 =6 ∗ 10
𝐼=60 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑖𝑚𝑠
EXAMPLE 2
• A ticket queue for the Minnesota Vikings' American football
games has an average of 100 trained fans for buying tickets
and an average flow rate of 5 fans per minute What is the
average time you can expect in the queue the buyer of a ticket?
SOLUTION
T= I/R
I= 100
R= 5
T= 100/5
T= 20 Min
NOTATION
Number
of arrivals per unit of time
Number
of services per unit of time
Average
system utilization
Probability
that clients are in the system
𝐿𝑆 = 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡h𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚
𝐿𝑞 =𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝑤 𝑆 = 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒
𝑤 𝑞 =𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔 𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑖𝑡 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
FORMULAS
Arrival speed 𝜆
𝐿𝑆 =
speed
𝜇− 𝜆
time between service
p= 1
𝑤𝑆
𝜇− 𝜆
o
EXAMPLE 1
The manager of a supermarket is interested in providing good service to the elderly who shop at her
premises. currently, the supermarket has a checkout box reserved for retirees. These people arrive at
the checkout at an average rate of 30 per hour, according to a poisson distribution, and are served at
an average rate of 35 customers per hour, with exponential service times. Calculate the following
averages:
Data
A) Use of the check-out clerk
=30
B) Number of customers entering the system =35
C) Number of customers formed in line
D) Time spent within the system
E) Waiting time in line.
A) Use of the check-out clerk Formula Data
𝑝= 30 =¿ 𝜆 =30
35 0,875 ; 𝑜 𝑟 , 85,7 % 𝑝=
𝜇
=35
B) Number of customers entering the system 𝜆
30 𝐿𝑠 =
𝐿 𝑠 = =¿6C
ustomers 𝜇−𝜆 0,875
35 −30
C) Number of customers formed in line
2
𝜆
𝑞 =0,8757 ( 6 ) =¿5,14
𝐿 ≅ 5 Customers 𝐿𝑞 = 𝑝𝐿
¿
𝜇 (𝜇 − 𝜆)
D) Time spent within the system 1
1 𝑊 𝑠=
𝑊 𝑠= 0,20
=¿ h𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠;𝑜𝑟 12 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝜇−𝜆
35 −30 𝜆
E) Waiting time in line. 𝑊 𝑞 = 𝑝𝑊=
𝜇(𝜇 − 𝜆)
𝑊 𝑞 =0,857 ( 0,20 ) =¿0,17
h𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠: 𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑎 , 10,28𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒
EXERCISE 1
Suppose that a bank teller can serve customers at an average rate of 10 customers per hour. Also, suppose
that customers arrive at the teller window at an average rate of 7 per hour, the following are considered to
follow the poisson distribution, the service time follows the exponential distribution. Do an analysis about
the current situation of the bank.
Solution
