STOICHIOMETRY
DRILL
■ How many moles are present in 5.45 x 1023
molecules of CH4?
■ How many atoms are in 8.98 moles of sulfur?
■ How many molecules are in 5.9 moles of
sulfur dioxide?
■ How many moles are present in
85 grams of Cu(OH)2?
■ How many grams are in 3.67
moles of phosphorus?
■ How many molecules are there
in 10.3 grams of KF?
■Stoichiometry – deals with
calculations of reactants and
products involved in a
chemical reaction
■ Calculate the number of moles
of oxygen required to react with
15 moles of hydrogen to form
water.
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
■ Find the number of moles of
sodium chloride formed when 3
moles of sodium react with
chlorine.
2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
■ Given the equation:
N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
How many grams of H2 are needed
to react with 4.5 moles of N2?
■ How many grams of H2O can be
formed from 10 moles of O2?
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
■ How many grams of H2 are required to
react with O2 to produce 500 g of H2O?
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
■ How many grams of chlorine can be
liberated from the decomposition of 52
g of AuCl3 by the reaction
2AuCl3 → 2Au + 3Cl2?
PRACTICE EXERCISES
■ 1. Given the equation:
4NH3 + 3O2 → 2N2 + 6H2O
How many moles of O2 are needed
to react with 8 moles of NH3?
■ 2. During combustion, ethane (C2H6)
reacts with O2 to produce CO2 and
H2O. How many grams of O2 are
needed to react with 250 g of
ethane?
■ 3. Carbon tetrachloride can be produced from
the reaction of methane with chlorine.
How many moles of CCl4 can be produced
from 200 g of CH4?
CH4 + 4Cl2 → CCl4 + 4HCl
■ 4. Using the equation:
CO + O2 + NO → CO2 + NO2
Calculate the moles CO2 produced when
there are 75.57 g of CO.
Calculate the mass of NO needed for the
reaction to produce 8.76 moles of NO2.
■ 5. Calculate the mass of PbI2 produced
by reacting 20 g KI with Pb(NO3)2.
2KI + Pb(NO3)2 → PbI2 + 2KNO3
■ 6. How many grams of O2 are needed to
react with 250 g of ethane according
to the reaction:
2C2H6 + 7O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O
LIMITING AND EXCESS REACTANT
■ Limiting Reactant – the substance in a chemical
reaction that runs out first
■ Excess reactant – a substance that is left-over
after the reaction
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
■ 1 g of silicon is made to react with 1 g of carbon
to form silicon carbide according to the equation:
Si + C → SiC
a) Which reactant is the limiting reagent?
b) How many grams of silicon carbide are
formed?
c) How much of the excess reactant will
remain after the reaction?
■ 3 g of aluminum are reacted with 4 g of
copper (II) sulfate to produce aluminum
sulfate and the metal copper.
2 Al + 3 CuSO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3 Cu
a) Which is the limiting reagent?
b) How many grams of copper are formed?
c) How much of the excess reactant
will remain after the reaction?
PERCENT YIELD
■ Percent yield =
■ actual yield X 100
■ theoretical yield
■ Actual yield – real amount of product
obtained from a chemical reaction
■ Expected yield or theoretical yield – the
amount of product that should be produced
based on calculations
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
■ If 50 g of copper are allowed to react with excess
chlorine, 101.6 g of copper (II) chloride are formed.
Calculate the theoretical yield and percent yield.
Cu + Cl2 → CuCl2
■ 52.2 g of BaCl2 are combined with excess
Na3PO4, producing 23.2 g of NaCl. What
is the percent yield for this reaction?
3 BaCl2 + 2 Na3PO4 → Ba3(PO4)2 + 6
NaCl
PRACTICE EXERCISES
■ 1. a) Which is the limiting reagent when
250 g of ethane (C2H6) burns in the
presence of 400 g of O2?
2C2H6 + 7O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O
b) How many grams of the CO2 are
produced?
c) How much of the excess reactant
will remain after the reaction?
■ 2. Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI → PbI2 + 2KNO3
If 10 g of Pb(NO3)2 and 8 g of KI are mixed,
how many grams of PbI2 are formed?
Which is the limiting reagent?
How much of the excess reactant
will remain after the reaction?
■ 3. Calculate the theoretical yield of AlF3
obtained from 0.45 mole of Al in the reaction
2Al + 3F2 → 2AlF3
What is the percent yield?
PRACTICE EXERCISES
■ 1. Silver sulfide (Ag2S) is the common tarnish on
silver objects. What weight of silver sulfide can be
made from 1.23 g of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) obtained
from a rotten egg? The reaction of formation of
silver sulfide is given below:
4 Ag(s) + 2 H2S(g) + O2(g)→ 2 Ag2S(s) + 2 H2O(l)
■ 2. A somewhat antiquated method for preparing
chlorine gas involves heating hydrochloric acid with
pyrolusite (manganese dioxide), a common
manganese ore. (Reaction given below.) How many
g of HCl react with 5.69 g of manganese dioxide?
4 HCl(aq) + MnO2(s) → 2 H2O(l) + MnCl2 (aq) + Cl2(g)
■ 3. Given the reaction:
4 NH3 (g) + 5 O2 (g) → 4 NO (g) + 6 H2O (l)
a) When 1.20 mole of ammonia reacts, how many moles of
NO will be produced?
■ 4. A strip of zinc metal weighing 2.00 g is placed into 0.0640
mol of silver nitrate, causing the following reaction to
occur:
Zn (s) + 2 AgNO3 (aq) → 2 Ag (s) + Zn(NO3)2 (aq).
a) How many grams of silver will be formed?
b) What is the limiting reactant?
c) How much of the excess reactant remains after the
reaction?
■ 5. Use the following equation to calculate how many grams
of carbon dioxide will be produced when 1465g of oxygen is
reacted with 1000 g of butene (C4H6).
2C4H6 + 11O2 -----> 8CO2 + 6H2O
■ What is the limiting reactant?
■ 6. Write the equation for the reaction of iron (III) phosphate
with sodium sulfate to make iron (III) sulfate and sodium
phosphate.
2 FePO4 + 3 Na2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 2 Na3PO4
If I perform this reaction with 25 grams of iron (III) phosphate
and an excess of sodium sulfate, how many grams of iron (III)
sulfate can I make?
If 16.5 grams of iron (III) sulfate are actually made when I do
this reaction, what is my percent yield?
■ 7. Mg + 2 HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + H2
If I start this reaction with 40 grams of magnesium and an
excess of nitric acid, how many grams of hydrogen gas will I
produce?
If 1.7 grams of hydrogen is actually produced, what was my
percent yield of hydrogen?
