INFRASTRUCTURE -
1
JAYAKRISHNAN S R
INFRASTRUCTURE
Goods and services requiring higher investment,
considered essential for the proper functioning of
the economy
Can be divided into 2 categories
Economic infrastructure – Energy,
Transport,communication,water supply etc
Social Infrastructure – Health,education,rural
housing etc
IMPORTANCE
Support system on which the efficiency of
modern industrial economy depends
Agriculture also dependant on infra for
storage,transport etc
Improvements in water supply and sanitation
have direct correlation on health of people
CONTD…
Improved productivity leads to better quality of
life
WATER SUPPLY IN INDIA
Water available from rainfall – 1170mm
(Corresponds to 4000 BCM)
After a/cing evaporation – 1869 BCM
Due to topological and hydrological constrants,
utlizable out of this – 1123 BCM
CONTD…
Now – falling water table especially in N.W India
Increase in acreage of water intensive crops have
aggravated the problem
Ground water (Sustainable management) Bill,
2017 has passed into oblivion
CONTD…
Status of household tap connection – low
penetration
Only Gujarat, Sikkim and Goa - > 75%
HP, Punjab, Haryana , Karnataka – 40-75%
Rest all – less than 40%
Majority of eastern and NE states - < 10%
JAL JEEVAN MISSION
will focus on integrated demand and supply-side
management of water at the local level, including
creation of local infrastructure for source
sustainability
rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge and
management of household wastewater for reuse
would be undertaken in convergence with other
government programmes/schemes
CONTD…
National Jal Jeevan Mission (NJJM) at the Central
level
State Water and Sanitation Mission (SWSM) at State
level
District Water and Sanitation Mission (DWSM)
at District level
Gram Panchayat and/or its sub-committees viz.
Village Water Sanitation Committee (VWSC)/ Paani
Samiti at Village level
CONTD…
The fund released by Central Government to the
State Governments is to be deposited in
one Single Nodal Account (SNA) that will be
maintained by SWSM
Every village will prepare a Village Action Plan
(VAP) which will have three components: i.)
Water source & its maintenance ii.) Water supply
and iii.) Greywater management
CHALLENGES
Sustainability
Coverage
Capacity Building
NOTABLE INITIATIVES BY STATES
Rajasthan - Mukhya Mantri Jal Swavlamban
Abhiyan
Maharashtra - Jalyukt-Shivar
Telangana -Mission Kakatiya
RIVER INTERLINKING
There always remains a lot of political opposition to the
‘Interlinking the Rivers’ project.
It is so that the northern states face the situation of flood at the
time of monsoon and water is required by the southern states in
the dry months. Whether the project will be able to solve this
problem or not is a matter of concern.
Interlinking the rivers has its own ecological
disadvantages, like in the case of the Ken-Betwa project, half
of the Panna Tiger Reserve will get submerged. Also, there will
be huge displacement of people. The cost involved is quite
high, this raises the questions over its usefulness
WAY FORWARD
need to shift focus from water supply
infrastructure creation to water management
Managing the demand side of water management
The participation of individuals, NGOs and
different communities
SANITATION
Sanitation generally refers to the provision of
facilities and services for the safe disposal of
human urine and feces
also refers to the maintenance of hygienic
conditions, through services such as garbage
collection and wastewater disposal
SWACH BHARAT MISSION
India has seen a sanitation revolution in the form of
SBM-G that transformed itself into a Jan
Andolan (a people’s movement).
Since the launch of the SBM - G in 2014, over 10
crore toilets have been built in rural areas.
Till now, over 5.9 lakh villages in 699 districts and
37 States/UTs have declared themselves as Open
Defecation Free (ODF)
RURAL SANITATION STRATEGGY
prepared by DDWS, in consultation with the
State Governments and other stakeholders
The strategy aims to sustain the behavioral
change regarding sanitation that has been
achieved under the Swach Bharat Mission (G)
CONTD…
convergence of funds from the Centre, states,
Panchayati raj institutions (PRIs) and
alternative sources of financing, including
private funds
ODF
ODF+
ODF++
WAY FORWARD
100 per cent achievements in terms of waste
segregation, successful disposal, and streamlining
waste infrastructure
Total elimination of manual scavenging
Sustain the behavioral change on account of
SBM
emphasis on female literacy is imperative for
better sanitation coverage
TO SUSTAIN BEHAVIORAL CHANGE
programme may include the provision of more
than one toilet for larger households
better infrastructure at the household level
emphasis on female literacy
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
1,52,076 Tons per day (TPD) as per the Annual
Report 2018-19 submitted by the SPCBs
Of this, 5% is collected and only 35% of waste is
treated. 33% of waste is landfilled and 46,156
TPD of waste which is one-third of the total
waste generated in the country remains
unaccounted
CHALLENGES FACED IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Segregation of waste at source by waste
generators,
Lack of infrastructure for collection and
transportation of waste,
Availability of land for setting up of waste
collection and transportation facilities
CONTD…
Techno-economically viable solutions for fresh &
legacy waste,
Management of legacy waste and
Rural areas not covered in most of the
States/UTs: and enforcement issues
INITIATIVES TAKEN
Door-to door collection, waste segregation, and
transportation
Land for waste processing facilities
Setting up Waste –to-Energy plants
Development of Model Cities
Increased Judicial Intervention
WAY FORWARD
Development of ULB (Urban Local Bodies) – wise
action plan for collection, segregation,
transportation and processing of waste
Clear allocation of responsibility to ULBs and
waste generators for setting up of infrastructure and
for involving informal sector in waste collection
segregation
Adequate technical support to ULBs for processing
technology and practices in waste management
SANITATION WORKERS
collection of door to door municipal solid waste,
manual rag-picking and segregation of solid
wastes
suffer from social stigma with respect to their
work, especially the manual scavengers
STEPS TO PROMOTE WELFARE OF MANUAL SCAVENGERS
Legal Protection for Eliminating Manual
Scavenging
Ensuring Minimum Wages, Safe Working
Conditions and Pension Benefits
Housing Education, Financial Assistance and
Skill Development Schemes
Protecting Sanitation Workers through Ayushman
Bharat
