TOWN PLANNING IN

RENAISSANCE AGE
WORLD AND INDIA

SUBMITTED BY
SARANGI NAIR
RAVISANKAR S
 WORLD
• THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD WAS
BETWEEN 14TH CENTURY TO 16TH
CENTURY
• RENAISSANCE BEGAN IN
FLORENCE,ITALY ENCOMPASSING
ROME,MILAN,NETHERLAND AND
SPREAD TO THE REST OF EUROPE AND
AFTER 125 YEARS IT REACHED FRANCE
• THE RENAISSANCE BEGAN TO SPREAD
AFTER 1500S TO ENGLAND ,
FRANCE,SPAIN,POLAND
 FACTORS SHAPING THE TOWNS
• MODERNIZATION OF EARFARE AND THE RISE OF THE
NATION STATE – INCREASING WEALTH PROVIDED
SUPPORT FOR A GROWING NUMBER OF COMMISSIONS
OF LARGE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PROJECTS.
• COLONIAL EXPLORATION,EXPLOITATION AND EXPANDING
NETWORKS OF TRADE
• DANGERS OF RAPID URBANIZATION
• POLITICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS WITHIN
CHRISTIANITY.- THE WEEK POSITION OF THE CHURCH
GAVE MOMENTUM TO THE RENAISSANCE.IT LATER
PROMPTED POPES TO SPEND EXTRAVAGANTLY ON
ARCHITECTURE , SCULPTURES INORDER TO REGAIN
THEIR LOST INFLUENCE
MAIN FEATURES
• URBAN FORM – THE SOCIAL STATUS WAS
ARRANGED LIKE A DONUT.
- HIGH STATUS IN CENTRE
- LOWER STATUS OUTSIDE
• CITY WALLS – DEFINE THE CITY. IT OFFERS
PROTECTION IN WAR,SECURITY FROM BANDITS ,
CUSTOMS AND TARIFF BARRIER. IT ALSO ACTS AS
ORNAMENTAL SYMBOL OF THE CITY
• HOUSING – COMPLEX HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURES.
DIFFERENT “CLASSES” UNDER ONE ROOF IN ONE
HOUSEHOLD
– MERCHANT,WORKERS,SERVANTS
• WORK/RETAIL/RESIDENCE WAS BLURRED.
 CHARACTERSTICS
• THE PREOCCUPATION WITH SYMMETRY AND THE CREATION OF BALANCED AXIAL
COMPOSITION
• ALSO OF GREAT IMPORTANCE WAS THE PLACEMENT OF MONUMENTAL
BUILDINGS,OBELISKS AND STATUES AT THE ENDS OF LONG,STRAIGHT STREETS.
• ON THE BASIS OF THEIR TRAFFIC FUNCTIONS RENAISSANCE URBAN SPACES CAN BE
GROUPED UNDER THREE BROAD HEADINGS :
1. TRAFFIC SPACES - FORMING MAIN PART OF THE ROUTE SYSTEM
2. RESIDENTIAL SPACE
3. PEDESTRIAN SPACE
• PERSPECTIVE WAS COMMENCED IN PLANNING INORDER TO CREATE SYMMETRICAL
BUILDINGS THAT LED TO A FORM OF BEAUTY MAKING THE RENAISSANCE CITIES
DISTINCTIVE AND UNIQUE FROM THEIR MEDIEVAL ANTECEDENTS.
 IMPACT OF TOWN
PLANNING IN
NEIGHBOURING STATES
• FLORENCE THE “BIRTHPLACE” OF THE
RENAISSANCE ,EARLY EXHIBITED A SENSATE USE OF
THE RENAISSANCE TOOLS OF CITY RENEWAL AND
DESIGN
• OTHER STATES STARTED ADOPTIN THESE METHODS
• THE STREET SYSTEM WAS SUCH THAT IT
INTERCONNECTED THE MAHOR CHURCH BUILDINGS,
WITH A CAREFUL INTEGRATION OF NEW AND OLD
BUILDINGS THROUGHOUT THE RENAISSANCE.
• LIKE IN ROME, AR.DOMINICO FONTANA,PLANNED TO
ESTABLISH A MAJOR STREET SYSTEM
INTERCONNECTING THE SEVEN PILGRIM CHURCHES
OF ROME. SUCH AN OPERATION WOULD RELIVE
ITALY
• SYMMETRY AND BALANCED AXIAL
PROPORTIONS
• PLACEMENT OF MONUMENTAL
BUILDINGS ATH THE END OF
STREETS
• REPEATING BASIC FEATURES OF
BUILDINGS.
• DENSE AND SMALL –EASY TARGET
FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• MOST OF THE TOWNS WERE VERY
SMALL .
FLORENCE
• IMPORTANT PLACE OF NORTHERN ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
• IT IS SMALL AND DENSE.
• C14TH : 95000 PEOPLE IN A 20 MINUTE WALK DISTANCE – 30000
PEOPLE/SQ.KM
• THE STREETS WERE OFTEN STRAIGHT AND LAID OUT AT THE
RIGHT ANGLES TO ONE ANOTHER AND HOUSES WERE
RECTANGULAR.
• THE STRAIGHT STREET AND THE BALANCE CITY PLAN WERE NEW
INVENTIONS FROM THE RENAISSANCE
• IT LATER TOOK ON A STAR SHAPED LAYOUT BECAUSE IT WAS
DESIGNED TO RESIST CANON FIRE. IT WAS FINISHED IN THE YEAR
AND MODEL WAS CALLED THE “PLAN SHOWING DEFENSE’
• EXQUISITE STATUES AND PERIOS ARCHITECTURE MARK THE
ENTIRE HISTORIC CITY BUT SOME SPECIFIC STRUCTURES STAND
OUT LIKE - PALAZZO VECCHIO (OLD PALACE),BASILICA OF THE
HOLY CROSS , COMPLEX OF SAN FIRENZE ETC
SPAIN
• MANY OF THE TOWN PLANING EXPERIMENTS IN THE SPANISH
RENAISSANCE PERIOD WERE CARRIED OUT ALONG WITH THE
NEW TOWN SETTLEMENTS UNDER THE OVERSEA COLONIAL
ASMINISTRATION
• IT WAS RACTICAL AND HAD CORELATION WITH IDEAL CITY OF
ITALIAN RENAISSANCE.
• PLAZA PLANNING AND TOWN LAYOUT OF GRID ARE
OUTSTANDING CRITERIA .
• FOR STREET PLANNING MAIN CLASSIFICATION WAS – MILITARY
STREETS AND NON MILITARY STREETS
• MILITARY STREETS ARE THE MAIN STREETS CONNECTING
OUTSIDE AND INSIDE OF A TOWN THROUGH TOWN GATES.
• DE RE AEDIFICATORIA BY ALBERTI THE ARRANGEMENT
REGULATIONS ON PUBLIC FACILITIES LIKE CATHEDRALS ,
MONASTERIES , HOSPITALS.
• CATHEDRALS WERE AT CENTER FAR FROM THE RESIFENTIAL
SECTOR.
 PLAZA MAYOR
• PLAZA MAYORS BEGAN TO APPEAR IN SPANISH TOWNS AND
CITIES AT THE END OF MIDDLE AGES DURING RENAISSANCE
PERIOD.
• PLAZA MAYOR MADRID IS THE PERFECT EXAMPLE OF
RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN MADRID,
• IT IS THE MAIN SQUARE .
• IT WAS ORIGINALLY DESIGNED BY JUAN DE HERRERA IN 1560.
• IT IS RECTANGULAR IN SHAPE AND OBSERVES SYMMETRY.
• THIS WAS THE SITE FOR THE MARKET, FOR PUBLIC JUSTICE ,
FOR THE CELEBRATIONS OF SOLEMN EVENTS GAMES ETC.
• IN THE SQUARE’S COLLONADED AND NEARBY STREETS THERE
WERE MANY SHOPS ; MUSICIANS AND ARTISTS GATHER HERE
• PLAZA MAYORS CAN BE FOUND IN ALMOST ALL TOWNS OF
SPAIN
• IT IS THE MOST CHARACTERSTIC URBAN ELEMENT.
• SOME OF THESE ARE REAL,GRANDIOSE,MAGNIFICENT
MONUMENTS ; OTHERS ARE ATTRACTIVE IN AMORE SIMPLE
MANNER TRADITIONAL WAY.
FRANCE
• THE CULTURAL CENTRE OF FRANCE IN 16TH CENTURY WAS NOT PARIS BUT THE
VALLEY OF THE LOIRE WHERE THE KING AND HIS NOBLES MAINTAINED
E;ABORATE CHATEAUX OR CASTLES FOR LEISURE , ENTERTAINING AND
ATTENDING TO THE PLEASURES OF HUNT.
• DURING RENAISSANCE INSTEAD OF TOWN BASED CHATEAU, THE CHATEAUX DE
CHAMBORD WAS BUILT IN THE COUNTRYSIDE IN THE STYLE OF A FORTIFIED
CASTLE WITHIN AN OUTER WALL THUS NEATLY OVERLAYING RENAISSANCE
SYMMETRY.
• GARDENS WERE GIVEN MUCH IMPORTANCE IN FRENCH TOWNS THAN OTHERS.
• LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS AND PUBLIC GATHERING SPACES WERE INCLUDED
MORE HERE.
PLACE DES VOSGES,MARAIS
• BEFORE RENAISSANCE THE MARAIS WAS A SWAMP.
• HENRY IV COMMISSIONED A RESIDENCE IN 1605 AT A GRASSY SQUARE AND CALLED IT
PLACE ROYALE AND GAVE THE REST OF THE LAND TO 36 NOBLEMEN ON CONDITION
THEY BUILD NINE IDENTICAL MANSIONS ON EACH SIDE OF THE SQUARE.
• THIS EARLY EXAMPLE OF A PLANNED URBAN DEVELOPMENT BECAME MAGNET FOR
ENTIRE DISTRICT.
• THE PLACE DES VOSGES IS THE OLDEST PLANNED SQUARE IN PARIS,FRANCE.IT IS
LOCATED IN MARAIS DISTRICT.
• IT WAS A FASHIONABLE AND EXPENSIVE SQUARE TO LIVE IN DURING THE
RENAISSANCE PERIOD AND ONE OF THE CENTRAL REASONS WERE PARISIAN NOBILITY.
• IT HAS RADIAL ARRANGEMENT OF STREETS
INDIA
• THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD OF INDIA WAS MAINLY DURING PRE INDEPENDENCE PERIOD
WHEN SOCIAL AND CULTURAL AWAKENINGS WERE DEVELOPED IN INDIA DUE TO
WESTERN CONCEPT OF RESON , EQUALITY AND LIBERTY.
• WHEN THE BRITISHERS FIRST SETTLED IN INDIA THEY FOUND MOST OF THE CONDITIONS
OF THE TOWN TO BE UNHEALTHY.
• SO THEY STARTED INDEPENDENT COLONIES ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF THE EXISTING TOWNS
• THESE EXTENSIONS WERE KNOWN AS “CANTONEMENTS AND BARRACKS” FOR THE
MILITARY OCCUPIES AREA AND “CIVIL LINES” FOR THE RESIDENCE OF CIVILIANS.
• NEXT THEY TOOK TO CIVIL STRAIGHT ROADS REGARDLESS OF THE COST OR DAMAGES TO
SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE TOWN.
• NO LARGE TOWN PLANNING SCHEME WERE TAKEN TILL THE END OF THE 19 TH CENTURY.
PROCESS
• IN INDIA THE URBAN POPULATION LIVING AMID PRE INDEPENDENCE YEARS WAS
13.9 % PERCENT IN 1941 WHICH ROSE TO 17.3 % IN 1951.
• BEFORE FREEDOM ABOUT 15 % INDIVIDUALS WERE LIVING IN TOWNS AND NOW
THEIR NUMBER HAD TURNED OUT TO BE SIMPLY DOUBLED.
• THE PURPOSES BEHIND AN EXPANSION IN URBAN POPULATION ARE MANY YET
THE PRIMARY REASON HAS BEEN NONSTOP STREAM OF PROVINCIAL POPULACE TI
URBAN ZONES
• IT WAS ONLY IN 1950 THAT A PLANNING COMMISSION WAS SET UP BY THE GOVT
OF INDIA WITH JAWAHARLAL NEHRU AS THE CHAIRMAN AND WAS GIVEN THE
ASSIGNMENT TO ADDITIONALLY WELL SPOKEN AND ACTUALIZED PROGRAMS
THROUGH FIVE YEAR PLANS , THE NATIONAL STRATEGY ORDERS AND
DEVELOPMENT DESTINATIONS
CHARACTERSTICS
• THEY DEVELOPED STREET PLANNING THEY ADOPT STRAIGHT ROADS
REGARDLESS OF THE COST OR DAMAGE TO SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE TOWN .
• IT EMPHASIZED ON SYMMETRY , PROPORTION , GEOMETRY AND REGULARITY
OF PARTS
• INDIVIDUALISM-RECOGNITION THAT HUMANS AE CREATIVE – APPRECIATION
OF ART AS A PROFUCT OF MAN
• BASIC CULTURE NEEDED FOR ALL
• CITIES LOCATED CENTRALLY TO FACILITATE TRADE AND COMMERCE
• WALLS AROUND THE TOWN WITH MOATS
• PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURES STARTED TO INCREASE.
THANK YOU