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Mass Transfer Modeling Techniques

The document describes models for mass transfer operations including solvent extraction. It discusses developing a generalized approach for formulating models for steady and unsteady state systems. Examples of specific models are given for single and multistage steady state solvent extraction as well as deriving the model equations and non-dimensionalizing the parameters. The key steps in modeling a system are represented schematically, making assumptions, writing mass balance equations, and expressing the equations in terms of dimensionless groups.

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CH126 Dhruv Sonani
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130 views12 pages

Mass Transfer Modeling Techniques

The document describes models for mass transfer operations including solvent extraction. It discusses developing a generalized approach for formulating models for steady and unsteady state systems. Examples of specific models are given for single and multistage steady state solvent extraction as well as deriving the model equations and non-dimensionalizing the parameters. The key steps in modeling a system are represented schematically, making assumptions, writing mass balance equations, and expressing the equations in terms of dimensionless groups.

Uploaded by

CH126 Dhruv Sonani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Mass Transfer Modelling

Prepared By:
Dr.Anand P. Dhanwani
Associate professor
D.D.University, Nadiad.
MODELS IN MASS-TRANSFER
OPERATIONS

• A generalized approach is developed for formulating the models.


• Various models for systems in mass-transfer operations like:
– Steady state single-stage solvent extraction,
– Steady-state two-stage counter-current solvent extraction,
– Steady-state two-stage cross-current solvent extraction,
– Unsteady-state single-stage solvent extraction,
– Unsteady-state mass transfer in a stirred tank,
– Unsteady-state mass transfer in a mixing tank,
– Unsteady-state mass transfer (Fick’s II Law)
– Steady state multistage counter-current solvent extraction,
– Multistage gas absorption.
Development of Model
• A generalized approach is developed for formulating the
models.
• The models are chosen to apply mathematical techniques
for solutions.
• The models are solved with any of one technique like:
– Simple algebraic equations,
– Ordinary differential equations,
– finite difference equations
– Laplace transformations.
Steady-state Single-stage Solvent Extraction

• Consider that benzoic acid (BA) is continuously extracted from


toluene using water as the solvent.
• The two streams are fed into tank A (mixer)
• Where they are stirred vigorously
• The mixture is then pumped into tank B (settler)
• Where it is allowed to settle into two layers (extract and
raffinate).
• The upper toluene layer (raffinate) and the lower water layer
(extract) are removed separately.
• Model the system to find out what fraction of BA has passed
into the solvent phase.
S.S Single-stage Solvent Extraction
• The first step in modelling of any system is
– To schematically represent the given.

Single-stage mixer settler


S.S Single-stage Solvent Extraction
• The second step is to see
– If there is a possibility of simplifying the schematic
representation of the system under consideration.
• The above system can be idealized and
simplified
– Combining two stages into a single stage
S.S Single-stage Solvent Extraction

Input – Output = Accumulation


• Step 3. is to make reasonable assumptions:
– (1) All flow rates are steady and
– (2) Toluene and water are immiscible (basic
criterion for choosing a solvent).
– (3) The feed concentration c remains constant.
– (4) The mixer is so efficient that the two streams
leaving a stage are always in equilibrium with
one another: y = mx
(where m is distribution coefficient)
• Step 4. The model equation is now derived by writing a
mass balance for BA (component balance):
– Input of BA = Rc (kg/s)
– Output of BA = Rx + Sy (kg/s)
• As the system is in steady state, i.e., BA must leave at the
same rate as it enters,
– Rc=Rx + Sy
• Equations contain four known quantities
– (R, S, c, m)
– Two unknown quantities (x, y)
• This can be solved for the unknowns as follows:
• Step 5. Always express all the quantities (both
known and unknown, or a combination of
both) in terms of dimensionless groups
• Which explain the physics of the system.
• The fraction of BA extracted
• The ratio of the feed to the solvent flow rate
at equilibrium
• Substituting these two dimensionless groups

• Multiplying both numerator and denominator by (a - l)

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