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Babesia

This document provides an overview of Texas cattle fever, also known as babesiosis, which is caused by the apicomplexan parasite Babesia. It infects cattle and is transmitted by ticks. The document outlines the classification, hosts, transmission, life cycle, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of babesiosis. It also discusses the zoonotic potential of some Babesia species and provides references for further information.

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Abdullah Azeem
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214 views22 pages

Babesia

This document provides an overview of Texas cattle fever, also known as babesiosis, which is caused by the apicomplexan parasite Babesia. It infects cattle and is transmitted by ticks. The document outlines the classification, hosts, transmission, life cycle, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of babesiosis. It also discusses the zoonotic potential of some Babesia species and provides references for further information.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Azeem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Texas Cattle Fever

Babesiasis Red Water Fever


Tick Fever
Piroplasmosis
Presented by:
[Link] Sabir
M-Phil Parasitology
Presented to:
Dr. Rao Zahid Abbas
Outline
 General Introduction
 Classification
 Host Range
 Transmission
 Life Cycle
 Clinical Findings
 Diagnosis
 Treatment & Prevention
 Zoonotic Risk
 Miscellaneous Species
 Refferences
Babesia
 An apicomplexan parasite that infects red blood cells
 Transmitted by ticks
Riphicephalous
Ixodes
 Zoonotic Importance
 Economic, Medical & Veterinary Impact
Babesia
Classification:

 Domain  Eukaryota
 Phylum  Apicomplexa
 Class  Aconoidasida
 Order  Piroplasmida
 Family  Babesiidae
 Genus  Babesia
 Species  [Link], Babesia Bovis
Babesia

Host Range:
 Cattle
 Sheep
 Goats
 Pig
 Dogs
 Occasionally Human
Geographical Distribution:
 Africa, Asia, Australia
 Central and South America
Babesia

Transmission:
 [Link] Adult tick  Progeny via eggs  Tick  Cattle
 [Link]  Adult tick  Progeny via eggs  Tick 
Cattle
Factors that determine the clinical disease risk
 Immunity level of calf
 Breed Susceptibility
Babesia
Clinical Findings
 Acute disease  1 Week
 Fever (≥106°F )
 Inappetence
 ↑ Respiratory Rate
 Muscle Tremor
 Anemia
 Jaundice
 Weight Loss
 Haemoglubinurea
 Heamoglubinemia Final Stages
Clinical Findings

 CNS involvement (Sometime)


 Either Constipation or maybe Diarrhea
 Abortion in females
 Temporary infertility in males
 No Signs during carrier stage
Diagnosis
 Clinical Signs
 Giemsa stained blood smear (Confirmation)
 Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test
 ELISA
 Real-time PCR (Carrier Stage)
Courtesy of state of Queensland, Department of
Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry

Giemsa stained Babesia Bigemina- Giemsa stained Babesia Bovis-


infected erythrocyte infected erythrocyte
Treatment
 Diminazene Aceturate @ 3.5mg/kg IM
 Imidocarb Diprpionate @1.2mg/kg SC & @3mg/kg SC
provide immunity for 4 wk
 Anti-inflammatory Drugs
 Corticosteroid
 Fluid Therapy
 Blood Transfusion (Anemia)
Prevention & Control
 Live attenuated vaccine
(Chilled or Frozen form)
 Use of recombinant antigens
(Commercial Vaccine not available yet)
 Control of tick vector
Zoonotic Risk
 One Health Concept
 3 ways to get infection
1-Tick Bite (Ixodes sp.)
2-Blood Transfusion
3-Congenital Ways

 Babesia Microti
Notorious Agents
 Babesia Divergens
Babesia Caballi
 Causes Babesiosis in Equines
 Vector  Dermacenter sp. (Tick)
 Signs include Fever, anemia & Icterus
 Recovered animals  Carriers for several years
 Nervous signs & circling movement (Occasionally)
 Diagnosis  Simple blood smear & Complement fixation test
 Prevention  Tick control & Carrier animals Rx
Babesia Canis
 Piroplasma Canis
 Causative agent of canine babesiosis
 Vector  Riphicephalous & Dermacenter sp. (Tick)
 Life cycle  not completely understood
 Loss of condition, anemia, icterus, prostration & death
 Intermittent fever
 Diagnosis  Blood Smear
 Prevention  Tick Control & Infected animal Rx
Babesia Sp.
Species Causative Agent

Cattle [Link] & [Link]

Horses [Link] & [Link]

Sheep & Goats [Link] & [Link]

Pigs B trautmanni & B perroncitoi

Dogs & Cats B canis, B vogeli, and B rossi


Shapes of Different Babesia Sp.
Babesia Sp. Shape

Babesia Bigemina Pyriform, may be round or oval (in


pairs)

Babesia Caballi Trophozoite Round or oval (in pairs)


2-4 µm long

Babesia Canis Pyriform


4-5 µm long

Babesia Equi Round or ameboid (4 organism joined)


Individual organism 2-3 µm long
References
 Malherbe, W. D. 1956. The manifestations and diagnosis of Babesia
infections. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Set. 64:128-46.
 Neitz, W. O. 1956. Classification, transmission, and biology of piroplasms of
domestic animals. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 64:56-111.
 Smith, T., and F. L. Kilborne. 1893. Investigations into the nature, causation
and prevention of Texas or southern cattle fever. U.S.D.A., Bur. An. Ind. Bull.
1:1301.
 Bryant, J. E., J. B. Anderson, and K. H. Willers. 1969. Control of equine
piroplasmosis in Florida. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 154:1034-36.
 Holbrook. H. A., A. J. Johnson, and P. A. Madden. 1968. Equine
piroplasmosis: intraerythrocytic development of Babesia cabelli and Babesia
equi. Am. J. Vet. Res. 29:297-303.
 Shortt, H. E. 1973. Babesia canis-. the life cycle and laboratory maintenance
in its arthropod and mammalian hosts. Intl. J. Parasitol. 3:119-48.
 For Detail Study:
A Handbook of Veterinary Parasitology
By Henry [Link]
• Any question

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