1
Beginning JavaScript Programming
Lab 1: Integrating JavaScript and HTML
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Lab 1: Integrating JavaScript and HTML
Outline
Discuss how to integrate JavaScript and HTML
Insert SCRIPT tags on a Web page
Write beginning and ending SCRIPT tags
Define and use flickering to draw attention
Describe the background color property of the document object
Set the background color of a Web page using JavaScript
Save the HTML file
Test the Web page
Discuss JavaScript variables
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Lab 1: Integrating JavaScript and HTML
Outline
Extract the system date
Use several variables to construct a message
Describe the write() method of the document object
Write a user-defined function that displays a message and links
viewers to a new site
Describe how the setTimeout() method works
Use the lastModified property to display the last modified
document date
Print an HTML Notepad file
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Introduction
Introduction
www.bmwusa.com.
Advanced features of JavaScript and HTML will be
able to combine HTML style sheets and JavaScript
to create dynamic pages.
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Introduction
Electronic commerce(E-commerce)
• Conducting business on-line. This includes, for
example, marketing, buying and selling products and
services with digital cash and via Electronic Data
Interchange (EDI).
• More about e-commerce: http://www.outsourcing-
journal.com/issues/apr1998/insight.html
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Introduction
Domain Name
A name that identifies one or more IP addresses. For
example, the domain name microsoft.com represents
about a dozen IP addresses.
Domain names are used in URLs to identify particular
Web pages. For example, in the URL
http://www.pcwebopedia.com/index.html, the domain
name is pcwebopedia.com.
Every domain name has a suffix that indicates which
top level domain (TLD) it belongs to. There are only a
limited number of such domains.
7
Introduction
. For example:
• gov - Government agencies
• edu - Educational institutions
• org - Organizations (nonprofit)
• mil - Military
• com - commercial business
• net - Network organizations
• ca - Canada
• th - Thailand
Because the Internet is based on IP addresses, not domain
names, every Web server requires a Domain Name System
(DNS) server to translate domain names into IP addresses.
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Introduction
JavaScript(Object based language)
• Uses built-in objects, but is not capable of creating
classes of objects or using inheritance features of
object-oriented languages.
• Has predefined properties, methods, and event handlers
• Object is a person, place, or thing.
• Properties are attributes of objects and describe some
aspect about the object.
• Methods are actions.
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Introduction
See Page J A.7 in appendix A for a more detail list of objects
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Introduction
An event is the result of a user’s action.
Event handlers are the way to associate that action with
the set of JavaScript codes we want to execute.
J A.5 in Appendix A for a more detail list of event
handlers.
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Project One – Fun with Phonics Web Page
• Create a web page that will display a message to
inform the user that the web site location has been
moved.
• There will have a link to the new web sit and also,
within seconds will generate a alert message to inform
the user to transfer to the new location
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Project One – Fun with Phonics Web Page
An event is the result of a user’s action.
Event handlers are the way to associate that action with
the set of JavaScript codes we want to execute.
J A.5 in Appendix A for a more detail list of event
handlers.
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Project One – Fun with Phonics Web Page
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Project One – Fun with Phonics Web Page
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Fun with Phonics</TITLE>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JAVASCRIPT">
<!--Hide from old browsers
function chngSite() {
alert("You are about to be transported to the new site
location!")
location = "http://www.scsite.com/"
}
//-->
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
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Project One – Fun with Phonics Web Page
<BODY>
<CENTER><IMG SRC="fun.jpg" HSPACE=5
VSPACE=5 HEIGHT=64 WIDTH=129></CENTER>
<CENTER><HR Width="75%"></CENTER>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JAVASCRIPT">
<!--Hide from old browsers
document.bgColor="red"
document.bgColor="white"
document.bgColor="blue"
document.bgColor="white"
document.bgColor="green"
document.bgColor="white"
document.bgColor="blanchedalmond"
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Project One – Fun with Phonics Web Page
var tNow = new Date()
var tlocDate = tNow.toLocaleString()
var tDate = tlocDate.substring(0,10)
document.write("<H2><CENTER>Welcome, today is
"+tDate+"</CENTER></H2>")
var intro1 = "Hi, thanks for visiting our Web site, but we
have moved. Please make a note "
var intro2 = "of our new URL (www.funphonics.com)
and notify the Webmaster about our new "
var intro3 = "location. Click<A
Href='http://www.scsite.com/'> here </A> or wait 15
seconds "
var intro4 = "to be moved automatically to our new site."
var introMsg = intro1+intro2+intro3+intro4
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Project One – Fun with Phonics Web Page
document.write("<H4><Font
Color='firebrick'>"+introMsg+"</H4></FONT>")
setTimeout("chngSite()",15000)
document.write("<BR><H4><CENTER>This
document was last modified
"+document.lastModified+"</CENTER></H4>")
//-->
</SCRIPT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
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Project One – Fun with Phonics Web Page
Starting Notepad
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Project One – Fun with Phonics Web Page
Notepad Window
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Project One – Fun with Phonics Web Page
Display the .htm files
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Project One – Fun with Phonics Web Page
Searching the proper folder to locate fun.htm file.
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Project One – Fun with Phonics Web Page
We will see the contents of the file as follow displayed.
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Inserting Script Tags on a Web Page
We can place JavaScript code anywhere in the HTML
code
Common Agreed:
1. User-defined JavaScript functions should place at
the HEAD section.
2.Even handlers or other JavaScript code should place
at the BODY section.
JavaScript section begins with <SCRIPT> tag and end
with </SCRIPT> tag.
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Inserting Script Tags on a Web Page
Writing the Beginning SCRIPT Tag
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JAVASCRIPT">
<!--Hide from old browsers
Language: to define the version of JavaScript. If it is
not defined, the default is JavaScript.
HTML comment line: to hide any script language that
a browser may not be able to interpret.
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Inserting Script Tags on a Web Page
Put the JavaScript tag at the BODY section.
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Inserting Script Tags on a Web Page
Put “<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JAVASCRIPT">
<!--Hide from old browsers “ codes in the area.
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Using a Flicker on a Web Page to Draw
Attention
Using the changes of background color to capture
attentions.
BGCOLOR is one of the attribute of <BODY> tag.
But the background color can be set only once.
JavaScript DOCUMENT object’s BGCOLOR property
can be used to change the background color.
document.bgColor = value
To set the background color to red :
document.bgColor="red"
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Using a Flicker on a Web Page to Draw
Attention
Placing several of these statements in sequence will
create a flicking effect.
document.bgColor="red"
document.bgColor="white"
document.bgColor="blue"
document.bgColor="white"
document.bgColor="green"
document.bgColor="white"
document.bgColor="blanchedalmond"
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Using a Flicker on a Web Page to Draw
Attention
Placing place two of these statements in sequence will
create a flicking effect.
document.bgColor="red"
document.bgColor="white"
Closing the comment and SCRIPT tag as follow:
//-->
</SCRIPT>
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Using a Flicker on a Web Page to Draw
Attention
Closing the comment and SCRIPT tag as follow:
//-->
</SCRIPT>
Save it as a new name funwithphonics.htm.
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Using a Flicker on a Web Page to Draw
Attention
Run with a browser.
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Using a Flicker on a Web Page to Draw
Attention
Put more of of these statements in sequence will create
a better flicking effect.
document.bgColor="blue"
document.bgColor="white"
document.bgColor="green"
document.bgColor="white"
document.bgColor="blanchedalmond“
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Using a Flicker on a Web Page to Draw
Attention
Save the file again, and try it on a browser.
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Using a Flicker on a Web Page to Draw
Attention
The final screen should look like this.
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JavaScript Variables
var
A statement that declares a variable, optionally
initializing it to a value. The scope of a variable is the
current function or, for variables declared outside a
function, the current application.
Using var outside a function is optional; you can
declare a variable by simply assigning it a value.
However, it is good style to use var, and it is necessary
in functions if a global variable of the same name
exists.
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JavaScript Variables
Syntax
var varname [= value] [..., varname [= value] ]
Arguments
varname is the variable name. It can be any legal
identifier.
value is the initial value of the variable and can be any
legal expression.
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JavaScript Variables
JavaScript variables are case sensitive and follow rules
as in following table.
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JavaScript Variables
•JavaScript is a loosely typed language. That means you
do not have to specify the data type of a variable when
you declare it, and data types are converted automatically
as needed during script execution.
•Literals
•You use literals to represent values in JavaScript. These
are fixed values, not variables, that you literally provide
in your script. There are Integers literals (Decimal,
Octal, and Hexadecimal), Floating-point literals,
Boolean literals (true and false), and String
literals( enclosed in double (") or single (') quotation
marks.
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JavaScript Variables
We can declare a variable in two ways:
•By simply assigning it a value; for example, x = 42
•With the keyword var; for example, var x = 42
When we set a variable identifier by assignment outside
of a function, it is called a global variable, because it is
available everywhere in the current document.
When we declare a variable within a function, it is called
a local variable, because it is available only within the
function. Using var is optional, but we need to use it if
we want to declare a local variable inside a function that
has already been declared as a global variable.
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Extracting the System Date
JavaScript does not have a date data type. However, you
can use the Date object and its methods to work with
dates and times in your applications.
The Date object has a large number of methods for
setting, getting, and manipulating dates. It does not have
any properties.
JavaScript handles dates similarly to Java. The two
languages have many of the same date methods, and both
languages store dates as the number of milliseconds since
January 1, 1970, 00:00:00.
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Extracting the System Date
To create a Date object:
dateObjectName = new Date([parameters])
where dateObjectName is the name of the Date object
being created; it can be a new object or a property of an
existing object.
The parameters in the preceding syntax can be any of the
following:
•Nothing: creates today's date and time. For example,
today = new Date().
•A string representing a date in the following form:
"Month day, year hours:minutes:seconds."
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Extracting the System Date
For example, Xmas95 = new Date("December 25, 1995
13:30:00"). If you omit hours, minutes, or seconds, the
value will be set to zero.
•A set of integer values for year, month, and day. For
example, Xmas95 = new Date(95,11,25). A set of values
for year, month, day, hour, minute, and seconds. For
example, Xmas95 = new Date(95,11,25,9,30,0).
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Extracting the System Date
We can use toLocalString() to convert the un-
manipulated date objects to a manipulated data string.
And using substring method to abstract the needed
information.
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Extracting the System Date
stringName.substring(indexA, indexB)
Parameters
stringName is any string or a property of an existing
object.
indexA is any integer from zero to stringName.length - 1,
or a property of an existing object.
indexB is any integer from zero to stringName.length, or
a property of an existing object.
Description
Characters in a string are indexed from left to right. The
index of the first character is zero, and the index of the
last character is stringName.length - 1.
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Extracting the System Date
•If indexA is less than indexB, the substring method
returns the subset starting with the character at indexA
and ending with the character before indexB.
•If indexA is greater than indexB, the substring method
returns the subset starting with the character before
indexB and ending with the character at indexA.
•If indexA is equal to indexB, the substring method
returns the empty string.
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Extracting the System Date
var tNow = new Date()
var tlocDate = tNow.toLocaleString()
var tDate = tlocDate.substring(0,10)
M M / D D / Y Y Y Y H H : MM : S S
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
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Extracting the System Date
Start to insert code from the cursor point.
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Extracting the System Date
Inserting the following codes
var tNow = new Date()
var tlocDate = tNow.toLocalString()
var tDate = tlocDate.substring(0,10)
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Extracting the System Date
Some methods for Date objects:
getDate
Method. Returns the day of the month for the specified
date.
Syntax
dateObjectName.getDate()
Parameters
dateObjectName is either the name of a Date object or a
property of an existing object.
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Extracting the System Date
Description
The value returned by getDate is an integer between one
and 31.
Examples
The second statement below assigns the value 25 to the
variable day, based on the value of the Date object
Xmas95.
Xmas95 = new Date("December 25, 1995 23:15:00")
day = Xmas95.getDate()
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Extracting the System Date
getMonth
Method. Returns the month in the specified date.
Syntax
dateObjectName.getMonth()
Parameters
dateObjectName is either the name of a Date object or a
property of an existing object.
Description
The value returned by getMonth is an integer between
zero and 11. Zero corresponds to January, one to
February, and so on.
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Extracting the System Date
Examples
The second statement below assigns the value 11 to the
variable month, based on the value of the Date object
Xmas95.
Xmas95 = new Date("December 25, 1995 23:15:00")
month = Xmas95.getMonth()
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Extracting the System Date
getYear
Method. Returns the year in the specified date.
Syntax
dateObjectName.getYear()
Parameters
dateObjectName is either the name of a Date object or a
property of an existing object.
Description
The getYear method returns either a two-digit or four-
digit year:
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Extracting the System Date
•For years prior to 2000, the value returned by getYear is
the year less 1900. For example, if the year is 1976, the
value returned is 76.
•For the years 2000 and beyond, the value returned by
getYear is the four-digit year. For example, if the year is
2026, the value returned is 2026.
Examples
The second statement below assigns the value 95 to the
variable year, based on the value of the Date object
Xmas95.
Xmas95 = new Date("December 25, 1995 23:15:00")
year = Xmas95.getYear()
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Extracting the System Date
We can using the following codes to replace the previous
codes:
sysDate = new Date()
newDate1 = (sysDate.getMonth()+1) + “/”
newDate2 = sysDate.getDate() + “/”
newDate3 = sysDate.getYear
newDate = newDate1+ newDate2+ newDate3
document.write("<H2><CENTER>Welcome, today is
"+newDate+"</CENTER></H2>")
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Displaying the Current System Date
writeln
Method. Writes one or more HTML expressions to a
document in the specified window and follows them with
a newline character.
Syntax
document.writeln(expression1 [,expression2], ...
[,expressionN])
Parameters
•expression1 through expressionN are any JavaScript
expressions or the properties of existing objects.
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Displaying the Current System Date
Description
The writeln method displays any number of expressions
in a document window. You can specify any JavaScript
expression, including numerics, strings, or logicals.
The writeln method is the same as the write method,
except the writeln method appends a newline character to
the end of the output. HTML ignores the newline
character, except within certain tags such as <PRE>.
Use the writeln method within any <SCRIPT> tag or
within an event handler. Event handlers execute after the
original document closes, so the writeln method will
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Displaying the Current System Date
implicitly open a new document of mimeType text/html if
you do not explicitly issue a document.open() method in
the event handler.
Examples
All the examples used for the write method are also valid
with the writeln method.
window2=window.open('','window2')
beginComment="\<!--"
endComment="--\>"
window2.document.write(beginComment)
window2.document.write(" This some text inside a
comment. ")
window2.document.write(endComment)
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Displaying the Current System Date
Concatenate
It means to joint or link together strings.
document.write("<H2><CENTER>Welcome, today is
"+tDate+"</CENTER></H2>")
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Displaying the Current System Date
Put document.write("<H2><CENTER> Welcome, today
is "+tDate+"</CENTER></H2>") into the body of the
JavaScript
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Using Several Variables to Construct a
Message
Older browsers have a limit of 255 characters to a line. Thus it is
recommended that we break up large groups of text by using
several variables to construct a message.
var intro1 = "Hi, thanks for visiting our Web site, but we have
moved. Please make a note “
var intro2 = "of our new URL (www.funphonics.com) and notify
the Webmaster about our new “
var intro3 = "location. Click<A Href='http://www.scsite.com/'>
here </A> or wait 15 seconds “
var intro4 = "to be moved automatically to our new site."
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Using Several Variables to Construct a
Message
Concatenate those variables and assign to a variable
var introMsg = intro1+intro2+intro3+intro4
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Writing the Message on the Web Page
Using the document.write method to display the message
on the document.
document.write("<H4><Font Color='firebrick'>“ +
introMsg + "</H4></FONT>“ )
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Save and Test the Web Page
Click on the File menu and Save to save the file.
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Save and Test the Web Page
Test the Web Page in a browser.
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Calling a JavaScript Function
JavaScript uses two methods to call function. One uses
even handlers and object methods, and the other uses a
logical execution point to call the user define function.
setTimeout() is one of the window object’s methods. It
evaluates an expression after the specified time.
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Calling a JavaScript Function
The chngSite(),user defined function, will be executed
after 15 seconds delay.
Insert the setTimeout("chngSite()",15000) into the script.
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Displaying the Last Modified Document
Date
The lastModified is an useful document property which
will display the date the document was last modified.
Using the document.write("<BR><H4><CENTER>This
document was last modified
"+document.lastModified+"</CENTER></H4>") to
display the document last modified message.
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Writing a JavaScript User-Defined
Function
An user-defined function
A statement that declares a JavaScript function name
with the specified parameters param. Acceptable
parameters include strings, numbers, and objects.
To return a value, the function must have a return
statement that specifies the value to return. You cannot
nest a function statement in another statement or in itself.
All parameters are passed to functions, by value. In other
words, the value is passed to the function, but if the
function changes the value of the parameter, this change
is not reflected globally or in the calling function.
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Writing a JavaScript User-Defined
Function
Syntax
function name([param] [, param] [..., param]) {
statements }
Arguments
name is the function name.
param is the name of an argument to be passed to the function.
A function can have up to 255 arguments.
Examples
//This function returns the total dollar amount of sales, when
//given the number of units sold of products a, b, and c.
function calc_sales(units_a, units_b, units_c) {
return units_a*79 + units_b*129 + units_c*699
}
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Writing a JavaScript User-Defined
Function
Table 1-8 is a list of JavaScript built-in functions. See
Appendix A for a complete list.
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Writing a JavaScript User-Defined
Function
The general form of the user defined function.
73
Writing a JavaScript User-Defined
Function
Naming conventions for functions are similar to those of
variables.
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Writing a JavaScript User-Defined
Function
alert
Method of window object. Displays an Alert dialog
box with a message and an OK button.
Syntax
alert("message")
Parameters
message is any string or a property of an existing
object.
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Writing a JavaScript User-Defined
Function
Description
Use the alert method to display a message that does
not require a user decision. The message argument
specifies a message that the dialog box contains.
Although alert is a method of the window object,
you do not need to specify a windowReference
when you call it. For example,
windowReference.alert() is unnecessary.
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Writing a JavaScript User-Defined
Function
Other methods use dialog boxes.
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Writing a JavaScript User-Defined
Function
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JAVASCRIPT">
<!--Hide from old browsers
function chngSite() {
alert("You are about to be transported to the new site
location!")
location = "http://www.scsite.com/"
}
//-->
</SCRIPT>
The location statement will be executed after finishing up
the alert() method.
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Placing User-Defined Functions in the
HEAD Section
Insert the script before the end of the head tag(</HEAD>).
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Placing User-Defined Functions in the
HEAD Section
80
Placing User-Defined Functions in the
HEAD Section
Save it and display on a browser.
81
Placing User-Defined Functions in the
HEAD Section
Save it and display on a browser.
82
Printing the HTML File Using Notepad
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Printing the HTML File Using Notepad
