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Nursing Management of Emphysema

Emphysema is a progressive lung disease where the air sacs (alveoli) become damaged and lose elasticity, causing air to get trapped. It is a form of COPD and is often caused by smoking or exposure to irritants. The three main types are centered around different areas of the lungs. Symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves tests like chest X-rays, CT scans, and pulmonary function tests. Treatment focuses on medications, breathing exercises, oxygen therapy, and sometimes surgery.

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Kaku Manisha
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17K views10 pages

Nursing Management of Emphysema

Emphysema is a progressive lung disease where the air sacs (alveoli) become damaged and lose elasticity, causing air to get trapped. It is a form of COPD and is often caused by smoking or exposure to irritants. The three main types are centered around different areas of the lungs. Symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves tests like chest X-rays, CT scans, and pulmonary function tests. Treatment focuses on medications, breathing exercises, oxygen therapy, and sometimes surgery.

Uploaded by

Kaku Manisha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

EMPHYSEMA

PRESENTED BY:
MIS. M.K.KAKU
NURSING TUTOR
INTRODUCTION
• Emphysema is a progressive disease of lung in
which the alveoli becomes inflamed and
losses elasticity.
• As a result air becomes trapped in the air
sacks which becomes overstretched and may
rupture.
• Emphysema is form of COPD occurs together
with chronic bronchitis.
CAUSES & RISK FACTORS
• Emphysema develops due to:
 Smoking and passive smoke exposure
 Inhaling toxins or other irritants
 Alpha1- antitrypsin deficiency – A genetic d defect
 Family history
 Exposure to pollutants at work (chemicals, fumes or dust)
 Frequent lower respiratory infection
 HIV infection
 Age : 50 or older
TYPES OF EMPHYSEMA
• There are three morphological types of
emphysema
o Centriacinar/ centrilobular: It begins in the
respiratory bronchioles and spread peripherally.
Mostly occur in long term cigarette smokers
involves upper part of the lungs.
o Panaciner: There is destruction of bronchiolus,
alveolar duct and alveoli in the lower half of the
lungs.
These type is generally observed in patient
with deficiency of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin
deficiency.
o Paraseptal Emphysema: Here, the process is
localized around the septa of the lung or
pleura. It involves the distal airway structures,
alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs.
CLINICAL MENIFESTATION
• Symptoms of emphysema includes...
 Shortness of breath
 Rapid breathing
 Chocking sensation while lying flat
 Cynosis
 Barrel chest
 Breathing through pursed lips
 Coughing up sputum
 Loss of appetite
 Heart failure
DIAGNOSIS
• History and physical examination
• Pulmonary ventilation perfusion test
• Chest X – Ray
• CT Scan
• ABG (Arterial blood gas analysis)
• Pulse oximetry
• Testing for Alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency
• Sputum examination
• Pulmonary function test
• Complete blood count
MANAGEMENT
• Management includes,
 Oxygen therapy
 Medications :
o Bronchodilators: To relax the smooth muscles surround
the bronchioles. The long acting agents include
salmeterol, tiotropium.
o Steroids: To reduce the inflammation.
o Antibiotics: It helps to fight with respiratory infections
o Breathing exercises
o Postural drainage
• Surgical management includes,
 Lung reduction surgery
 Bullectomy
 Lung Transplantation
• Pulmonary Rehabilitation:
 Pulmonary rehabilitation is probably effective
which includes education, nutrition
counselling, special breathing techniques and
quitting smoking.
NURSING MANAGEMENT
• Asses vital signs regularly.
• Administer oxygen and medicines.
• Instruct patient to take plenty of fluids and
adequate nutrition.
• Instruct patient not to take gas producing foods.
• Instruct for breathing exercise.
• Prevention of complications
• Prevention of complication by quitting smoking
of patient.

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