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Liver: Anatomy & Functions

The liver is the largest gland in the body, located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. It has over 500 functions including metabolism, synthesis, breakdown of substances, storage of vitamins and minerals, and excretion of waste. The liver is divided into four lobes and receives blood from the hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery. It filters blood and produces bile which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to aid in fat digestion.

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DR NARENDRA
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • Ligaments of liver,
  • Gallstones,
  • Vitamin B12 storage,
  • Nutrient storage,
  • Vitamin A storage,
  • Visceral surface,
  • Ammonia conversion,
  • Vitamin storage,
  • Liver lobes,
  • Vitamin D storage
677 views18 pages

Liver: Anatomy & Functions

The liver is the largest gland in the body, located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. It has over 500 functions including metabolism, synthesis, breakdown of substances, storage of vitamins and minerals, and excretion of waste. The liver is divided into four lobes and receives blood from the hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery. It filters blood and produces bile which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to aid in fat digestion.

Uploaded by

DR NARENDRA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • Ligaments of liver,
  • Gallstones,
  • Vitamin B12 storage,
  • Nutrient storage,
  • Vitamin A storage,
  • Visceral surface,
  • Ammonia conversion,
  • Vitamin storage,
  • Liver lobes,
  • Vitamin D storage
  • Liver: Anatomy & Functions
  • Gallbladder Anatomy
  • Liver Anatomy
  • Functions of the Liver

Liver: anatomy & functions

The Liver
• Largest gland in the body
(about 3 pounds)
• Over 500 functions
• Inferior to diaphragm in
RUQ and epigastric area
protected by ribs
• R and L lobes
– Plus 2 smaller lobes
• Falciform ligament
– Mesentery binding liver to
anterior abdominal wall
• 2 surfaces
– Diaphragmatic
– Visceral
• Covered by peritoneum
– Except “bare area” fused to
diaphragm 2
posterior

Fissure on visceral surface


Porta hepatis: major vessels and nerves anterior

enter and leave –


Ligamentum teres: remnant of
umbilical vein in fetus, attaches to navel
3
Fetal circulation

Ligamentum
Umbilical vein ___________ teres__________
Navel_______

4
5
Gross Anatomy
• The liver is divided) into four lobes:
the right (the largest lobe), left,
quadrate and caudate lobes.

• Supplied with blood via the protal


vein and hepatic artery.

• Blood carried away by the hepatic


vein.

• It is connected to the diaphragm


and abdomainal walls by five
ligaments.

• The liver is the only human organ that has


the remarkable property of self-
regeneration. If a part of the liver is
removed, the remaining parts can grow
back to its original size and shape.
Anatomy
GALLBLADDER ANATOMY
GALLBLADDER ANATOMY
• Thin-walled green
muscular sac
• On the inferior surface of
the liver
• Stores bile that is not
immediately needed for
digestion
• When the muscular wall of
LIVER

the gallbladder contracts


bile is expelled into the bile GALL
duct BLADDER
BILE
• BILE – bile salts, bile
pigments, cholesterol,
neutral fats, phospholipids
and electrolytes

• Liver produces 0.5-1 l of


bile daily
LIVER
•

GALL
BLADDER
Gallbladder*
• Bile is produced in the liver
• Bile is stored in the gallbladder
• Bile is excreted into the
duodenum when needed (fatty
meal)
• Bile helps dissolve fat and
cholesterol
• If bile salts crystallize, gall stones
are formed
– Intermittent pain: ball valve effect
causing intermittent obstruction
– Or infection and a lot of pain,
fever, vomiting, etc.

* 11
LIVER ANATOMY
• Liver lobules – hexagonal
structures consisting of
hepatocytes
• Hepatocytes radiate
outward from a central
vein
• At each of the six
corners of a lobule is a
portal triad
• Liver sinusoids
LIVER ANATOMY
• Hepatocytes produce bile

• Bile flows through canals


called bile canaliculi to a bile
duct

• Bile ducts leave the liver


via the common hepatic duct
LIVER ANATOMY

20 %

80 %
Functions
• Metabolic
 Synthesis
 Breakdown
 Other functions – storage of vitamin A,D,B12,F…
• Excretion of waste products from bloodstream
into bile
• Vascular – storage of blood
Synthesis
• Protein metabolism
 Synthesis of amino acids
• Carbohydrate metabolism
 Gluconeogenesis
 Glycogenolysis
 Glycogenesis
• Lipid metabolism
 Cholesterol synthesis
 Lipogenesis
• Production of coagulation factors I, II, V, VII, IX, X
and XI, and protein C, protein S and antithrombin
• Main site of red blood cell production
Breakdown
• Breaks down insulin and other hormones
• Breaks down hemoglobin
• Breaks down or modifies toxic substances →
sometimes results in toxication
• Converts ammonia to urea
Other functions
• Produces albumin, the major osmolar
component of blood serum
• Synthesizes angiotensinogen, the hormone
responsible for raising blood pressure when
activated by renin (enzyme released when the
kidney senses low blood pressure)

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