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OUTLINE
Introduction
Need of IFS
Objectives
Goals of IFS
Advantages
Subsystem
Components
Different Agro-climatic zones
IFS in Tamil Nadu
Case study
Conclusion
References
 INTRODUCTION
 “Farming system” →set of agricultural activities organized while
preserving land productivity, environmental quality & maintaining
desirable level of biological diversity & ecological stability.(Lal and
Millar 1990)
Resource management strategies to achieve economics & sustain
productivity to meet diverse requirements of household while
preserving resource bases & sustain high environment quality.

 Consist of enterprises - Cropping system, Dairying, Piggery, Poultry,

Fishery, Bee keeping etc. these enterprises are interrelated.

 The end product & wastes of one enterprise are used as inputs in
other enterprise.
WHY WE NEED IFS?

Divya [Link], 2008

 Traditional cropping pattern - risk & uncertainty.

 IFS approach - enhance farm productivity, reduce

environmental degradation & maintain economic
sustainability.

Divya [Link], 2008

OBJECTIVES
1. To identify existing farming systems in specific areas & access
their relative viability.

2. To formulate farming system model involving main & allied

enterprises for different farming situations.

3. To ensure optional utilization and conservation of available

resources.

4. Effective recycling of farm residues within system.

5. Maintain sustainable production without damaging environment.

6. To raise overall profitability of farm house hold by complementing

main allied enterprises with each other.
Goals of IFS
ADVANTAGES OF IFS
 3 P’s - Productivity, Profitability, Potentiality

Meets – 3 F’s Food, Fodder, & Fuel wood (Timber)

Balanced 3 F’s – Sustainability
Environmental Safety - Recycling
Income throughout the year
Employment Generation - Agro – industries
Increasing Input increased Efficiency
α

Jayanthi et al., 2008

 SUBSYSTEM OF IFS
1. Aquaculture

2. Agro-forestry

3. Livestock

4. Crop
 COMPONENTS OF IFS
 Crops
 Poultry
 Quail farming
 Turkey farming
 Pigeon farming
 Duck farming
 Dairy
 Rabbitery
 Pisciculture
 Mushroom cultivation
 Sericulture
 Piggery
 Apiculture
 Biogas generation
 Agroforestry
FARMING SYSTEM FOCUSES
 Crop Production
• Integral part of farm activities India.

• Cropping systems - climate, soil & water availability.

• Provide enough food for family, fodder to cattle

& generate sufficient income.

• Intensive cropping - multiple cropping & intercropping.

 Sequential Cropping Systems

• Rice, Sorghum, Pearl millet, Wheat & Gram.

• Commercial crops are (i) cotton-based, (ii) groundnut-

based, (iii) sugarcane-based, (iv) plantation crop-based &
(v) vegetable-based cropping system.
 Integrated Poultry farming
Poultry meat 27% of total meat consumed worldwide
average of 5% annually.

Broiler production increasing at rate of 15% per year.

Nutritional recommendation –
180 eggs/year & 9 kg meat/year.

Crop+ Poultry

5-6 laying-100 birds – steady

income.

Provide nutritious food to family

Jayanthi [Link]., 2001
CASE STUDY
 Integrated duck farming

Ducks - 7% of poultry population in India.

Production potential of about 130-140 eggs/bird/year.

23 million ducks in India..

Integrated Quail farming

Less space - better returns.

Adults weight 250 to 300 g - Egg & meat.

The life cycle very short..

 Average chemical composition of duck and chicken eggs
(whole egg edible portion)
Egg Water Protein Fat Ash Fuel value
(calories /100g)
Duck 70.5 13.3 14.5 1.0 191

Hen 70.7 13.0 10.5 1.0 163

Bulbule,1996
Meat yield of poultry species compared with quail
Yields of poultry species (Raw)
Species Bone % Skin % Meat %
Chicken broilers 34 14 52
Turkey 21 12 67
Duck 28 38 34
Goose 19 34 47
Guinea fowl 17 19 64
Squab 23 12 65
Quail 10 14 76
Bhat & Arora,2002
 Integrated Turkey Farming
White meat - western countries.

Turkey farming is practiced experimentally – Haryana,

Hisar university of agricultural sciences, Bangalore &
Rajasthan college of Agriculture.

Difficult – replacing chickens - high cost.

A study conducted at HAU, Hisar - production price of

live weight of turkey 15 times higher than chicken
broilers.

Pratibha Kapoor, 1996

Integrated Cattle Rearing
Total milk production - 54 per cent – buffaloes

42 %– cows, 4 % comes from goats

Animal power - agricultural operations ,transport

Large reduction - mechanization

Live stock trends – live stock population (1952) All India
species wise (million)
Species/year 1951 1972 1992 2000 2010 2020

Cattle 153.3 178.3 204.5 215.3 229.6 244.8

Buffalo 43.4 57.4 83.5 92.7 108.8 127.7

Triveni Dutt; (2001)

 Integrated Dairy Farming
Total milk production - 90 million tonnes/annum

The per capita availability of milk is 220g/day minimum

requirement of 250g/day (Indian Council of Medical Research)

Need 130-152 MT milk by 2030.

Cropping with dairy

Modified cropping system – 3 milch animals

Rs.8,422 - farmers method of cropping

Rs.10,912 - modified cropping system.

Rs.8986 - Net return - dairy enterprise

Rs.11,477 - dairy based mixed farming Banerjee, et al.1990
 Dairy unit -employment - 190 man days

Dairy based mixed farming - 309 man days

Farm yard manure - dairy unit - rice-

fallow-cotton

Banerjee,et al.1990
 Integrated Goat Farming
Field experiment - Kabisthalam village - To study
feasibility of rearing Tallichery goats under deep litter
system

Conventional method - rice-rice-rice fallow black gram

was compared with modified cropping rice-rice-rice fallow
cotton para grass.

Net income - Rs.7654 and Rs.19739

additional income - Rs.12,084

305 man days /year

413.5 man-days - mixed farming
cotton yield of 18.99 q/ha
Santhanago balakrishnan, 1988
Component & system productivity of goat (rice grain
equivalent yield) of different IFS

Jayanthi [Link].,2001
 Integrated Apiculture
Subsidiary occupation

It requires low investments

Maize, millet, sunflower and palm

3500 calories per kg

Integrated Rabbit Rearing

Easily reared - very high reproduction rates

Meat - pure white - low in fat and cholesterol

Meat and wool

 Integrated Fish Farming
Rainfall - flat topography - lowland

Integrated aquaculture system

Traditional management - 300-400 kg fish/ha

Composite-fish culture 5000-7500 fingerlings/ha

Advantages of Integrated Fish Farming

Artificial balanced ecosystem with no

waste

Increased food supply

More employment - economic efficiency

Integrated Sericulture
Mulberry cultivation, silkworm
rearing silk reeling

India - second position

 Crop + Sericulture

Coimbatore, salem, Dharmapuri

Moriculture

and Erode Cultivation - mulberry plants

Additional income employment 12 years - crop can yield

opportunities
Yield 30-40 t/ha/year
 Integrated Piggery Farming

 Crop + Piggery

Production of pork

Feed with non – edible feeds, forages

Subsidiary activity

More income

Pig manure - biogas manufacture

 Integrated Mushroom Cultivation
Edible fungi

Vitamin C & B complex

Rich source of minerals - Ca, P, K and Cu

Less of fat - diabetic & blood pressure

Integrated farming Cost production Gross return Net returns B:C Per day
systems (Rs/ha) (Rs/ha) (Ra/ha) ratio return(Rs/ha
)
Cropping alone 31525 62010 30485 1.97 170
Crop(FYM)+ dairy 92721 197312 105491 2.13 541
Crop(FYM)+dairy+ 98766 213860 115094 2.17 580
biogas+fish
Crop(FYM) 126352 280546 154194 2.22 769
+dairy+Biogas+mus
hroom+ fish
Sivamurugan;2001
Enriched organic manure for agriculture

Improving soil fertility and increase crop yield

Supplying additional NPK

Available macronutrient Present in the
commonly available manures

[Link] Manure N% P% K%
1 Fresh cattle dung 0.3-0.4 0.1-0.2 0.1-0.3
2 FYM 0.4-1.5 0.3-0.9 0.3-1.9
3 Compost 0.5-1.5 0.3-0.9 0.8-1.2
4 Poultry manure 1.0-1.8 1.4-1.8 0.8-0.9
5 Cattle urine 0.9-1.2 Trace 0.5-1.0
6 Paddy straw 0.3-0.4 0.8-1.0 0.7-0.9
7 Wheat straw 0.5-0.6 0.1-0.2 Pugalendhi
1.1-1.3
(2001)
 Agroforestry Based Farming
System
Multipurpose tree species, cash crops,
medicinal & aromatic herbs - fisheries,
piggery, duckery, goatery, poultry.

 Why Agroforestry Based Farming System

To meet basic need of rural

people & tribal communities.

Judicious & scientific use of land &

water resource.

Employment opportunities ensures

sustainability.
 Horticultural trees
(Guava/Mango/Litchi/Aonla etc.) +
Agricultural crops (Pea/Beans/Tomato/
Cauliflower/Chilli, etc.)

Nitrogen fixing tree (Subabul/Shisham)

+ Agricultural crops (Upland
Paddy/Groundnut/ Arhar, etc.)

Fuel wood tree (Cassia saimea/

Subabul)+ Agricultural crops (Upland
Paddy/Groundnut/Arhar etc.)

Trees on Field boundary

(Gamhar/Shisham/Karanj) + Agricultural
crops/fodder crops (Berseem/Guinea grass/
Lucerne etc.)
(Malik.M.S et,al.,2007)
 Employment generation
 Jayanthi (2001) - Cropping with poultry+fish + mushroom -
798 man days

 Sivamurugan (2001) - Cropping with

dairy+biogas+mushroom - 875 man days

 Radhamani (2003) - Crop+goat was 314 man days /ha/year

 (Jayanthi et al., 2002)- Integration of crop + fish +goat gave

575 man days of employment /ha/year
 IFS FOR DIFFERENT AGRO-
CLIMATIC ZONES
[Link] ALTITUDE COLD DESERT
Pasture+forestry+goats+angore rabbits+crops like
milletts, wheat, barley, fodder crops
2. ARID & DESERT REGION
AH with camels+sheep+goat+crops like bajra,
wheat, pulses, gram, & fodder crops
3. WESTERN & CENTRAL HIMALAYAS
Horti crops+ agri on hill & slopes like maize, rice
pulses and fodder crops
4. EASTERN HIMALAYAS
Rice+millets+pulses+agroforestry system+piggery+poultry
5. INDO-GANGETIC PLAINS
Crop husbandary+rice+wheat+maize+mustard
pulses+dairy+cattle+buffaloes
6. CENTRAL & SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS
Cotton-sorghum+milletspulses+dairy+cattle+
sheep+goats+poultry
[Link] GHAT
Plantation crops+rice+pulses+cattle+sheep+goats
[Link] & COASTAL PLAINS
Rice+fish culture+poultry+piggery

Shanmugasundaram, 1994
CASE STUDY
 Conclusion
Integrated farming system seems to be the answer
to the problems of increasing food production, for
increasing income and for improving nutrition of the
small scale farmers with limited resources without
any adverse effect on environment and agro- eco-
system.
 INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEMS: AN APPROACH FOR
LIVELIHOOD SECURITY OF SMALL AND MARGINAL
FARMERS
Naushad Khan, Mayank Dubey and [Link]
Deptt. of Agronomy, CSA University of Agri. And Tech, Kanpur (UP)
India
 Integrated Farming System: Prospects in Bangladesh
Shamim Al Mamun1, Fouzia Nusrat2 and Momota Rani
Debi3
1Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management,
Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail
2Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information Services,
Dhaka
3Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University,
Mymensingh
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