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Performance Metrics in Computer Architecture

1) The document discusses computer performance concepts like response time, throughput, and benchmarks. It examines performance from both the purchaser and designer perspectives. 2) Amdahl's Law states that overall speedup is limited by the time spent on the parts of the problem that cannot be made faster. Making the common parts of a computation faster results in greater overall performance improvements. 3) The document provides examples of how to calculate speedup from upgrading specific parts of a system or compiler according to Amdahl's Law. Maximizing the percentage of a program that can utilize faster components increases overall system speedup.

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Isiyak Solomon
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109 views15 pages

Performance Metrics in Computer Architecture

1) The document discusses computer performance concepts like response time, throughput, and benchmarks. It examines performance from both the purchaser and designer perspectives. 2) Amdahl's Law states that overall speedup is limited by the time spent on the parts of the problem that cannot be made faster. Making the common parts of a computation faster results in greater overall performance improvements. 3) The document provides examples of how to calculate speedup from upgrading specific parts of a system or compiler according to Amdahl's Law. Maximizing the percentage of a program that can utilize faster components increases overall system speedup.

Uploaded by

Isiyak Solomon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ECEg-3143

Computer Architecture
&
Organization

Lecture 2- Computer Performance

Concepts
Today’s Lecture

Performance Concepts
• Response Time
• Throughput

Performance Evaluation
• Benchmarks

Amdahl’s Law
• Speedup what is important
Performance Perspectives
1. Purchaser perspective
• Given a collection of machines, which has the
- Best performance ?
- Least cost ?
- Best performance / cost ?

2. Designer perspective
• Faced with design options, which has the
- Best performance improvement ?
- Least cost ?
- Best performance / cost ?

Both require
• basis for comparison
• metric for evaluation
Our goal: understand cost & performance implications of architectural
choices
1. Purchaser perspective

Desktop computing
Metrics: latency, execution time for a single task, cost

Server computing
Examples: web servers, transaction servers, file servers
Metrics: throughput , reliability

- how many jobs can the machine run at once?


- what is the average execution rate?

Embedded computing
Examples: printer, cell phone, video console
Metrics: performance (real-time), cost, power consumption

4
Purchaser perspective – Example
Throughput
Plane DC to Paris Speed Passengers (pmph)

Boeing 747 6.5 hours 610 mph 470 286,700

Concorde 3 hours 1350 mph 132 178,200

Which has higher performance?


• Response time and throughput often are in opposition
Example

• Time of Concorde vs. Boeing 747?

• Concord is 1350 mph / 610 mph = 2.2 times faster

= 6.5 hours / 3 hours

• Throughput of Concorde vs. Boeing 747 ?


• Concord is 178,200 pmph / 286,700 pmph = 0.62 “times faster”

• Boeing is 286,700 pmph / 178,200 pmph = 1.60 “times faster”

• Boeing is 1.6 times (“60%”) faster in terms of throughput

• Concord is 2.2 times (“120%”) faster in terms of flying time

If we upgrade a machine with a new processor what do we increase?


If we add a new machine to the lab what do we increase?
Benchmarks (Evaluation Tools)
How we evaluate differences
• Different systems
• Changes to a single system

Provide a target
• Benchmarks should represent large class of important programs

Popular Benchmark Suites

Desktop
• SPEC CPU2000 - CPU intensive, integer & floating-point applications
• SPECviewperf, SPECapc - Graphics benchmarks

Embedded
• EEMBC - Collection of kernels from 6 application areas

Servers
• TPC-C - Transaction processing system
2. How a computer designer increase
performance?

Amdhal’s Low - Make the Common Case Fast

8
Amdahl's “Law”: Speed Up calculation
Example 1
Example (2):- Design comparison
Suppose FP square root (FPSQR) is responsible for 20% of the
execution time of a critical graphics benchmark.

• One proposal is to enhance the FPSQR hardware and


speed up this operation by a factor of 10.

• The other alternative is just to try to make all FP


instructions in the graphics processor run faster by a
factor of 1.6; FP instructions are responsible for a total of
50% of the execution time for the application.

– Compare these two alternatives.


11
We can compare these two alternatives by
comparing the speedups.

• Improving the performance of the FP operations


overall is slightly better because of the higher
frequency.
12
Example (3)
You have a system that contains a special processor for
doing floating-point operations. You have determined that
50% of your computations can use the floating-point
processor. The speedup of the floating pointing-point
processor is 15.

a) Overall speedup achieved by using the floating-point


processor.

13
b) Overall speedup achieved if you modify the
compiler so that 75% of the computations can use the
floating-point processor.

c) What fraction of the computations should be able


to use the floating–point processor in order to
achieve an overall speedup of 2.25?

14
15

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