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Understanding Motivation Theories

Motivation is defined as acquiring loyalty towards organizational goals and effective cooperation. It is stimulated internally and externally in a continuous process to satisfy human needs. Motivation is a process with three components: energy, direction towards goals, and persistence to achieve goals. Early motivation theories include content theories focusing on what motivates, and process theories examining the actual motivation process. Maslow's hierarchy of needs places physiological and safety needs at the bottom, with self-actualization at the top. McGregor's Theory X assumes workers need close supervision while Theory Y assumes workers can self-direct. Herzberg's theory separates hygiene and motivation factors.

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Sahib Mustaqeem
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95 views20 pages

Understanding Motivation Theories

Motivation is defined as acquiring loyalty towards organizational goals and effective cooperation. It is stimulated internally and externally in a continuous process to satisfy human needs. Motivation is a process with three components: energy, direction towards goals, and persistence to achieve goals. Early motivation theories include content theories focusing on what motivates, and process theories examining the actual motivation process. Maslow's hierarchy of needs places physiological and safety needs at the bottom, with self-actualization at the top. McGregor's Theory X assumes workers need close supervision while Theory Y assumes workers can self-direct. Herzberg's theory separates hygiene and motivation factors.

Uploaded by

Sahib Mustaqeem
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MOTIVATION

To : Mr. Pritesh
shukla
Definition Of Motivation:

* “Motivation means to acquire loyalty towards the


group, to get the job done entrusted to them and the
process of getting effective co – operation in the work of
organization”
* “Motivation is the desire within an individual that
stimulates him or her to action”
Features of Motivation:

• Internal Force
• External force
• Continuous Process
• Human needs
• Levels
• It increase morals
Motivation as a process:

ENERGY DIRECTION PERSISTENCE

It is a process by which a person’s efforts are


energized, directed and sustained towards attaining
the goal.

*Energy- A measure of intensity or drive.


*Direction- Towards organizational goal.
*Persistence- Exerting effort to achieve goal
Six C’s of Motivation..
Challenges

Choices Control

Collaboration Consequences

Constructing meaning
Basic Model Of Motivation

Needs or Result in Drive force To Achieve


expectations (Behavior or
Action)

Desired Goals
Feedback

Fulfillments Which Provides


Early Theories of Motivation:
 Content Theories:
Emphasis on what motivates
individuals.

• Maslow’s need Hierarchy


• Macgregor's Theories X & Y
• Herzberg’s two factors theory
 Process Theories of Motivation:

Emphasis on actual process of


motivation.
• Three needs Theory ( McClelland)
• Goal-setting Theory
• Reinforcement Theory
• Designing Motivating theory
• Equity Theory
• Expectancy Theory
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory

Needs were categories as five levels of lower-higher-


order needs.
*Individual must satisfy lower-level needs before they
can satisfy higher order needs.
*Satisfied needs will no longer motivate.
*Motivating a person depends on knowing at
what level that a person is on the hierarchy.
Hierarchy of Needs
*Lover order ( External ) : Physiological and safety
needs
*Higher order ( Internal ) : Social, Esteem, and Self-
actualization

Physiological needs

Safety Needs
Love Needs
Esteem Needs
Self-Actualization Needs
McGregor’s Theory X and Y
Theory X
Assume that workers have little ambition,
dislike work, avoid responsibility, and
require close supervision.
Theory Y
Assumes that workers can exercise self-
direction, desire, responsibility, and like to
work.
Assumption
Motivation is maximized by participative
decision making, interesting jobs, and good
group relation.
Motivational Theories X & Y

SA Theory Y - a set of
assumptions of how to
Esteem manage individuals
motivated by higher
Social order needs
Theory X - a set of
Safety & Security assumptions of how to
manage individuals
Physiological motivated by lower order
needs
McClelland’s Need Theory: Need for
Achievement

Need for Achievement

The desire to excel and


succeed
McClelland’s Need Theory: Need for
Power

Need for Power –

The need to influence the


behavior of others.
McClelland’s Need Theory: Need for
Affiliation

Need for Affiliation –

The desire for interpersonal


relationship
Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory

Job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are created y


different factors.
Hygiene factors- Extrinsic ( Environmental ) factors that create job
Dissatisfaction.
Motivation Factors- Intrinsic ( Psychological ) factors that create job
Satisfaction.

Attempted to explain why job satisfaction does not result


in increased performance
The opposite of satisfaction is not dissatisfaction but rather no satisfaction.
Motivation–Hygiene Theory of
Motivation
Motivation factors
• Company policy &
increase job satisfaction
administration
• Supervision
• Interpersonal relations
• Working conditions • Achievement
• Salary • Achievement recognition
• Status • Work itself
• Security • Responsibility
• Advancement
• Growth
Hygiene factors avoid
job dissatisfaction • Salary?
Alderfer’s ERG Theory

SA
Growth
Esteem

Love (Social) Relatedness


Safety & Security
Existence
Physiological
Motivational Need Theories

Maslow Alderfer McClelland


Self-actualization Growth Need for
Higher Esteem Achievement
Order self Need for
Needs interpersonal Power
Belongingness
(social & love) Relatedness Need for
Affiliation

Lower Safety & Security


Order interpersonal
physical
Needs Existence
Physiological
Thank You

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