VISVESVARAYA NATIONAL

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

CASE STUDY
ON
WIND ENERGY

PRESENTED BY:
ADITYA GARG
II SEM, M Tech
MT21IPS009
 DEFINITIONS OF WIND ENERGY
 “Differential heating of the earth's surface by the sun causes
the movement of large air masses on the surface of the earth,
i.e., the wind. Wind energy conversion systems convert the
kinetic energy of the wind into electricity or other forms of
energy.” – IEEE[1]
 “Wind is used to produce electricity using the kinetic energy
created by air in motion. This is transformed into electrical
energy using wind turbines or wind energy conversion
systems.” - International Renewable Energy Agency[2]
 “Anything that moves has kinetic energy, and scientists and
engineers are using the wind’s kinetic energy to generate
electricity. Wind energy, or wind power, is created using a
wind turbine, a device that channels the power of the wind to
generate electricity.” - NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC
SOCIETY[3]
 CURRENT SCENARIO OF WIND ENERGY
 Wind power generation capacity in India has
significantly increased in recent years. As of
30 November 2021, the total installed wind
power capacity was 40 GW, the fourth largest
installed wind power capacity in the
world. Wind power capacity is mainly spread
across the Southern, Western and Northern
regions.[4]
 Wind power costs in India are decreasing
rapidly. The levelised tariff of wind power
reached a record low of Rs 2.43 per kWh
(without any direct or indirect subsidies)
during auctions for wind projects in December
2017. However, the levelised tariff increased
to Rs2.77 per kWh in March 2021. In
December 2017, union government announced
the applicable guidelines for tariff-based wind
power auctions to bring more clarity and
minimised the risk to the developers.
WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL AND NEW INSTALLED
CAPACITY IN INDIA (STATE WISE)[5]
 TECHNOLOGY USED IN WIND ENERGY
GENERATION
The range of wind speeds that are usable by a particular wind turbine for electricity generation is called
productive wind speed. The power available from wind is proportional to cube of the wind's speed. So
as the speed of the wind falls, the amount of energy that can be got from it falls very rapidly.
On the other hand, as the wind speed rises, so the amount of energy in it rises very rapidly; very high
wind speeds can overload a turbine. Productive wind speeds will range between 4 m/sec to 35 m/sec.
The minimum prescribed speed for optimal performance of large scale wind farms is about 6 m/s. Wind
power potential is mostly assessed assuming 1% of land availability for wind farms required @12
Rs/MW in sites having wind power density exceeding 200 W/sq.m. at 50 m hub-height.
The energy in the wind turns two or three propeller-like blades around a rotor. The rotor is connected to
the main shaft, which spins a generator to create electricity. Wind turbines are mounted on a tower to
capture the most energy.
At 100 feet (30 meters) or more above ground, they can take advantage of faster and less turbulent
wind. Wind turbines can be used to produce electricity for a single home or building, or they can be
connected to an electricity grid for more widespread electricity distribution.
Furthermore projects are going on exploring in Research Design and Development to achieve following
goals:
 Continue cost reduction: improved site assessment, better modeling for aerodynamics,
intelligent/recyclable materials, stand-alone and hybrid systems.
 Increase value and reduce uncertainties: forecasting power performance, improving standards and
engineering integrity and storage techniques.
 Enable large-scale use: Load flow control and adaptive power quality

 Minimize environmental impacts: Noise impacts, Flora and Fauna, utilization of land resources and
aesthetics integration
 WIND ENERGY FOR POWER GENERATION[6]
 Wind Energy, like solar is a free energy resource. But is much intermittent than solar.
Wind speeds may vary within minutes and affect the power generation and in cases of
high speeds- may result in overloading of generator. Energy from the wind can be
tapped using turbines.
 Setting up of these turbines needs little research before being established. Be it a small
wind turbine on a house, a commercial wind farm or any offshore installation, all of
them, at first, need the Wind Resource to be determined in the area of proposed site.
 The Wind Resource data is an estimation of average and peak wind speeds at a

location based on various meteorological.

where the power generated from the turbines can be conditioned, refined, stored or
transmitted.
 It is also necessary to survey the impact of putting up wind turbines on the community
and wildlife in the locality.
 If sufficient wind resources are found, the developer will secure land leases from

property owners, obtain the necessary permits and financing; purchase and install
wind turbines.
 The completed facility is often sold to an independent operator called an independent
power producer (IPP) who generates electricity to sell to the local utility, although
some utilities own and operate wind farms directly. 
 WIND FARMS[7]
A wind farm is a collection of wind turbines that operate as a single power station. Depending
upon its size, a wind farm will normally have a dedicated substation into which power from all
the wind turbines is fed and from which it is carried to the nearest access point to the grid
system.
Power can be fed either into a local distribution system or for the largest wind farms, directly
into the transmission grid. Many wind farms are located in regions remote from existing
transmission system backbones and wind power development will often involve the
construction of new or additional transmission lines. This can add to the expense of a wind
project.
When wind turbines are built close together they will often affect one another because,
depending upon the wind direction, some turbines will be downwind of others and will
therefore experience turbulence from the upwind turbine. Aerodynamics analysis and
correct turbine placement is vital if a wind farm is to extract the maximum energy from the
resource.
Energy losses due to poor placement of up to 10% have been recorded. Modeling airflow over
the wind farm site is the best way to determine the optimum placement, but computer
modeling techniques have yet to reach the level of sophistication to accurately model a
large offshore wind farm.
Maintaining a good distance between wind turbines means that wind farms can end up
occupying a very large area of land or sea. This is not necessarily a handicap because the
turbines and their towers generally occupy less than 1% of the actual area. The remainder is
usually accessible for farming use onshore or for fishing, or the passage of shipping, offshore.
WIND FARMS IN INDIA[8]
CONDITIONS OF GRID CONNECTIVITY[9][10]
The fluctuations and deviations in power generation from wind energy sources puts extreme pressure on
grid systems. The fluctuations from a single wind farm are negligible but when combined together, the
fluctuation patterns become significant.
Even before connecting a wind turbine to the main grid, there are certain things that should be considered.
 The annual average wind speeds of minimum 10 mph are mandatory for sufficient energy production
to qualify for grid connectivity.
 The grid-supplied electricity is more expensive than renewable energy systems.
 There provisions made for successfully connecting wind energy generation systems to pre-existing
grids. Added to this, grid connection equipment such as inverters should be readily available.
 There are tax incentives and policies in place that support the use of renewable energy.
 WIND TURBINE
(THE BLADES THAT CUT CARBON EMISSIONS)[11]

Wind turbines do not require water for cooling and can reduce the usage of fossil
fuels for energy generation, resulting in lower CO 2 emissions. Furthermore, well-
placed wind turbines can produce a substantial amount of electricity and provide a
high return on investment. The following points can sufficiently explain the
benefits of wind turbines for the environment -
 Wind turbines have very low full-lifecycle carbon emissions. It is often
specified that the energy and materials needed to manufacture and the concrete
required for the base during construction emit too much CO 2. But wind turbines
do not use unusual amounts of concrete. Instead, several comparisons show that
wind energy remains enormously better than fossil fuels in terms of
CO2 generation.
 Wind turbines require a minimal backup - Wind energy does not need a
particular "backup" generator. Service providers can schedule the system to
anticipate when maintenance will be necessary to retain a smooth service flow.
There rarely is a need for backup on a wind farm.
 Wind turbines have a small payback period in terms of energy. According to
the International Journal of Sustainable Manufacturing, a wind turbine will reach
the recovery of energy that was required to manufacture and set up the wind
turbine within five to eight months once it is functional.
 WIND ENERGY
(A CATALYST IN CARBON NEUTRALITY)
 According to the World Resources Institute report of July
2020, offshore wind power can reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and increase the return on investment by
embracing these technologies.[12] 
 WIND ENERGY
(A FUTURE TOWARDS NET ZERO EMISSION)
 The global wind energy market has quadrupled through technological innovations and
economies of scale during the last decade. In recent years, record growth has been driven
by a wave of installations in China and the United States. These two of the largest wind
power markets in the world together accounted for one-third of the new plants in 2020 and
more than half of the total capacity of wind energy worldwide.
 Global Wind Energy Council's Global Wind Report 2021 shows that the current pace of
wind energy adoption will not be enough to become carbon neutral by the mid of this
century. Policymakers now need to take urgent action to boost wind power at the required
pace. [13]
 CONCLUSIONS
 Wind energy system is the most feasible economic
solution in lowering electricity bills; it also avoids the
high costs encountered during extending grid power lines
to remote areas and provides a clean renewable non-
polluting source of electricity.
 The global wind power market has nearly quadrupled in
size over the past decade. The new installations would be
before the next decade and would be three times higher
then the pre- industrial levels.
 Countries like India should involve in R and D projects
related to it so that to generate more power and reduced
the dependent on coal.
REFERENCES
1. https://canrev.ieee.ca/en/cr40/chang
2. https://www.irena.org/wind
3. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/wind-energy
4. https://gwec.net/global-wind-report-2021
5. https://mnre.gov.in/wind/current-status
6. Energy Alternatives India
7. Paul Breeze, in Power Generation Technologies (Third Edition), 2019
8. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/general_knowledge_wind_power_plants_in
_india
9. connecting-wind-power-systems-to-the-electrical-grid
10. https://
www.phoenixenergygroup.com/blog/connecting-wind-power-systems-to-th
e-electrical-grid
11. https://www.Fortunebusinesssite/zerocarbonemission
12. World Resources Institute report of July 2020
13. Global wind energy report 2021