PROJECT REPORT ON:-
RAIN WATER HARVESTING
TEAM-1
FINAL YEAR
CIVIL ENGINEERING
INCHARGE:- AMIT DHIMAN SIR
INTRODUCTION
Rain Water Harvesting used for saving water has
gained enormously in significance as modern water
saving sanitary technique.
This can be used for private and public buildings as
well as for many industrial areas.
Rainwater harvesting plays an important role for the
rainwater management of housing estates.
Due to the storage and the usage of rainwater the
water flowing off housing estates in both reduced
and delayed.
What is Rain Water Harvesting?
RWH is the technique of collecting water from roof,
Filtering and storing for further uses. Rainwater
Harvesting is a simple technique of catching and
holding rainwater where its falls.
Why RWH is important?
Water is our most precious natural resource and
something that most of us take for granted.
We are now increasingly becoming
aware of the importance of water to our survival and its
limited supply, especially in such a dry desert of Rajasthan
USES:-
To avoid the flooding of roads.
To raise the underground water table.
To reduce groundwater pollution.
To reduce soils erosion.
Enhancing the quality of environment.
HISTORY OF RAIN WATER HARVESTING
Water harvesting like many techniques in use today
is not new. It is practiced as early as 4500 B.C. by
the people of Ur and also latest by the Nabateans and
other people of the Middle east.
21st century’s technology has made
it possible to use artificial means for increasing
runoff from precipitation.
BENEFITS /ADVANTAGES OF RWH
Rainwater is a relatively clean and free source of water .
Rainwater harvesting provides a source of water at the point
where it is needed .
It is socially acceptable and environmentally responsible .
It promotes self-sufficiency and conserves water resources .
Rainwater is friendly to landscape plants and gardens.
LOSSES /DISADVANTAGES OF RWH
It requires regular maintenance.
It requires some technical skills for installation.
Limited storages but no rainfall can limit the supply of rain
water.
If not installed correctly, it may attract mosquitoes and other
waterborne disease.
FACTOR AFFECTING RWH
The quantum of runoff.
Features of the catchments.
Impact on the environment.
Availability of the technology.
The capacity of the storage tanks.
Types of the roof, its slope and its materials.
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
Type and size of catchment area.
Local rainfall data and weather patterns.
Cost of the rainwater harvesting system.
Hydrogeology of the site.
Rainfall amounts, intensities, and evapo-
transpiration rates.
FLOW CHART FOR RWH
COMPONENT OF ROOFTOP
HARVESTING SYSTEM
CATCHMENT
CONVEYENCE (PIPE)
FILTERATION TANK (PRESSURE SAND FILTER)
STORAGE TANK
CATCHMENT
The surface that receives rainfall directly is the catchment of
rainwater harvesting system. It may be terrace, courtyard, or
paved or unpaved open ground.
CONVEYENCE (PIPES)
Rainwater from rooftop should be carried through down take
water pipes or drains to storage system. Water pipes should be
UV resistant (ISI HDPE/PVC pipes) of required capacity.
FILTERATION TANK
Filteration Tank consists of a pressure vessel-this could be
either vertical or horizontal-fitted with a set of frontal pipe
work and valves, graded sand supported by layers of graded
under bed consisting of pebbles and gravels, a top distributor
to distribute the incoming water uniformly throughout the
cross section of the filter, and an under drain system to collect
filtered water.
STORAGE TANK
It is used to store the water that is collected from the roof
through filter. For small scale water storage plastic buckets,
jerry cans, clay or cement jars, ceramic jars, drums may be
used.
How Much You Can Collect
Collection Efficiency :- How efficiently the rainfall can be
collected depends on several considerations. Collection
efficiencies of 80% are often used depending on the specific
design.
Rainfall Reliability :- The first step is to determine how much
water would be generated from your roof area. Average
monsoon rainfall is used for this purpose.
Formula:- Total quantity of water to be collected :-
(cu.m.) = Roof Top Area (Sq.m.) x Average Monsoon Rainfall (m) x 0.8
Rooftop area Vs Rainfall wise Availability of Water for
Rainwater Harvesting is given in the annexure X
