TOPICS :

- ON-SITE SEWAGE TREATMENT

- GREENFIELD DEVELOPMENT : NEOM, SAUDI ARABIA

- BROWNFIELDDEVELOPMENT : ATLANTA STATION, USA

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ON-SITE SEWAGE TREATMENT

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 INTRODUCTION
• Onsite wastewater treatment system (OWTS) is a • In this system, certain mechanical components and natural
privately owned and maintained sewage disposal processes perform the collection and treatment of sewage.
system that treats wastewater and produces
disinfected effluent, which is not harmful to humans • The system plays a vital role in removing scum, nutrients,
and the environment. pathogens, grease, and settleable solids, thus protecting the
living system.

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NEED FOR ONSITE WASTEWATER TREATMENT FEATURES OF ONSITE WASTEWATER
SYSTEM TREATMENT SYSTEM

• OWST is typically used in locations where housing density • An onsite wastewater treatment system is a unique
is sufficiently low that centralised wastewater treatment is system that combines a septic tanks and a soil absorption
not economically feasible. field.
• In rural areas where dwellings are spaced far apart, • It is a simpler form of conventional septic system and
installing a sewer system is too expensive. hence is also known as a non-conventional septic system.
• In such situations, people decide to establish their own
private sewage treatment plants. With the increase in • In a conventional septic tank system, the collected
population effluents in the tank flow to the soil adsorption field for
final treatment and dispersal.
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• The particulate matter present in the effluents settles N-
down in the septic tank, while the effluent screen placed SI
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in the septic tank outlet filters out the suspended
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particles. W
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• In this way, large solid particles do not enter the drain GE
field. TR
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Section of a treatment system
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STAGES OF O.W.T.S

1. IDENTIFYING THE SOURCE OF WASTE WATER 2. COLLECTION AND STORAGE OF

WASTE WATER

• The sources of wastewater decide the strength and constituents of • A solid rigid pipe is used for the collection of
the sewage. wastewater emerging from residential
buildings.
• Mainly, there are two sources of wastewater- domestic and
commercial. Domestic wastewater is discharged from residences
• This rigid pipe collects wastewater from
through plumbing fixtures, toilets, laundry, and dishwater.
plumbing fixtures and appliances.
• Commercial wastewater comes from restaurants, manufacturing
plants, and businesses. • The pipe is laid at a downward slope which O
leads to the pre-treatment plant. N-
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• Just before the first pre-treatment component, a TE
clean-out is provided in the pipe. SE
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• Adequate sampling basins can be provided,
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depending on the sampling needs and TR
requirements. EA
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Collection and storage of water
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 3. PRE-TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER The various components used are:
• The pre-treatment method varies based on the environment from which the • Septic tank
wastewater has come and its final use.
• This stage involves removing contaminants from the wastewater to prepare it • Trash tank
for the final treatment.
• Processing tank
• Some of the pre-treatment components include trash tanks, septic tanks, and
processing tanks. In this stage, the water is treated so that the soil carries a • Effluent screen
permissible level of impurities.
• Recirculation tank
• There are also advanced pre-treatment systems like aerobic treatment units,
media filters, and constructed wetlands
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The treatment unit Series of tanks Effluent screen T
4. FINAL TREATMENT AND DISPERSAL OF WASTE WATER

• Here, the final removal of contaminants takes place. After the

final treatment, the water can be safely dispersed into the
environment.
• Some of the final treatment methods include soil adsorption
field, conventional drain field system, leaching chamber, etc.
• The treated wastewater can be distributed into the soil through
different methods.
• One of the most widely used systems is the gravity flow
system as it  is the least expensive and requires less
maintenance. O
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• Another system used for distribution is pressurised SI
distribution, which is used in areas with  site limitations. TE
• Subsurface drip, low-pressure, and spray distribution systems SE
are designed to function in difficult areas. W
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• A pressurised distribution system has additional operation and GE
maintenance requirements. TR
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Dispersal into the water body M
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GREENFIELD DEVELOPMENT: NEOM, SAUDI ARABIA
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NEOM, SAUDI ARABIA
• NEOM is the world’s first independent special zone stretching over Project Objectives
three countries. • Growing and diversifying the Saudi economy and
• It is set to become a new vibrant destination located in the north- positioning the Kingdom to play a leading role in global
western region of Saudi Arabia. development.
• Expected to emerge as a leading global hub that exemplifies the • Becoming a home, workplace and New Future for more
future of human civilisation by offering its inhabitants an idyllic than a million people from around the world. Residents
lifestyle combined with exceptional economic prospects. will embrace a culture of exploration, risk-taking and
• NEOM seeks to attract top talent from around the world to push the diversity.
boundaries of innovation like never before and drive the growth of • Introducing a new model for urban sustainability and
this zone and its residents. setting new standards for community health,
• NEOM will be backed by more than $500 billion over the coming environmental protection and the effective and
years by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Arabian Public productive use of technology.
Investment Fund, as well as local and international investors. • Including mixed-use communities, research centres,
• NEOM’s contribution to the Kingdom’s GDP is projected to reach at sports venues, entertainment venues and tourist GR
least $100 billion by 2030, in addition to its per capita GDP – destinations - all designed on a human scale where EE
projected to become the highest in the world liveability, health and well-being are prioritised. N
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VISION VE
• A move of Saudi Arabia to low down its dependence on oil revenues. LO
• It will focus on nine sectors including food technology and, energy P
and water. M
• NEOM will operate as an independent economic zone EN
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OPPORTUNITY-RICH DEVELOPMENTAL AREA
• This special zone is located in the north-western region of Saudi Arabia and is set to include territory from
within the Egyptian and Jordanian borders, to comprise a total area of 26,500 km2.
• NEOM will provide a plethora of unique development opportunities, as the project’s strategic coastal Red
Sea location is notable for its:
• PROXIMITY TO INTERNATIONAL MARKETS AND TRADE ROUTES:
• Approximately 10% of the world’s trade flows through the Red Sea.
• Connecting Asia, Europe, Africa and America, the zone will enable 70% of the world’s
population to reach it in under eight hours
• TEMPERATE CLIMATE AND DIVERSE TERRAIN:
• The unique geographical location of NEOM ensures a temperate climate, roughly about 10°C
cooler – on average – than its surrounding areas and the rest of the GCC. Cradled in a
mountainous region that is home to breathtakingly diverse terrain in the North of Saudi Arabia,
the area earmarked for the development also enjoys cooler winds coming in from the Red Sea
for the best possible climate for future residents. Incredible terrain that offers:
1. Untouched beaches with more than 468km of pristine coastline and several spectacular GR
islands EE
2. Scenic mountains reaching up to 2,500m in height, with views across the Gulf of Aqaba N
and the Red Sea, where during parts of winter some are covered in snow FI
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3. Idyllic and peaceful desert expanses that astound the visitors
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• DEVELOPMENT FROM THE GROUND UP: DE
• The blank slate upon which NEOM is set to be developed provides unique opportunities. VE
The fundamental distinction from traditional urban planning projects is the new LO
technology that will be built into the blueprints of the infrastructural framework. P
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RICHNESS IN NATURAL RESOURCES:
• Situated in an area rich in wind and solar energy resources, the location of NEOM provides an ideal environment
in which to develop renewable energy projects.
• Perennial solar resources (20 MJ/m²) Ideal wind speed (an average of 10.3 m/s).
• The area is also rich in Oil and Gas as well as mineral resources. The use of such resources will have to live up to
the unmatched high sustainability standards.
ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
• NEOM offers unique opportunities and advantages to leading investors and business owners worldwide, with the
aim of stimulating GDP growth in the Kingdom. This project offers potential investors:
• Direct access to the Saudi Arabian market and global markets, given its unique geographic location as a hub
that links three continents
• Comprehensive supply and innovation systems
• Funding and financial incentives
• Favorable industry-specific regulatory environment paired with international trade laws
• An infrastructural environment which puts the human first and technology in its hands to experience the
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future first EE
• Redirecting Saudi spend abroad back indirectly into NEOM. This is an incredible opportunity, as Saudis N
spend significant amounts on tourism ($15 billion), healthcare ($12.5 billion), education ($5 billion) and FI
general investment abroad ($5 billion) EL
• IT ALSO OFFERS INHABITANTS: D
• An idyllic living environment and rich quality of life DE
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• Technology-based civil services in health, education, transport, entertainment and other fields
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• Advanced urban planning P
• Many opportunities for employment and personal growth M
• World-standard social norms in culture, arts and education EN
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MAIN FUTURISTIC CONCEPTS
• The futuristic vision of the project comprises six main pillars that will be
adopted across NEOM:
• HUMAN BEINGS AS A TOP PRIORITY: NEOM provides its residents
with comfortable living conditions set within an idyllic society that
promotes inclusion and encourages personal growth and lives by world-
class social norms
• THE NEXT GENERATION OF HEALTHY LIVING AND
TRANSPORT: NEOM will allow its residents to reach many locations via
walking or biking and also have an unprecedented transportation
infrastructure, built on future transportation technologies
• AUTOMATED SERVICES/ E-GOVERNMENT: NEOM government
services will be fully automated and most easily accessible to its residents
• DIGITIZATION: NEOM will provide its residents “digital air”, free
highest-speed internet and free online continuous education at their
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• SUSTAINABILITY: NEOM will be solely powered by renewable energy N
and buildings will have a net-zero carbon footprint FI
• INNOVATION IN CONSTRUCTION: Serving as a laboratory for EL
innovative construction techniques and materials operating with complete D
flexibility to meet future requirements DE
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Regions EN
1. TROJENA 2. OXAGON 3. THE LINE T
TROJENA
THE MOUNTAINS OF NEOM
• A unique year-round mountain destination in neom
• Trojena will be an iconic, world-class destination, blending natural
and developed landscapes – and offering unique human-centric
experiences for residents and visitors alike.
• The destination will house six distinctive development districts
centered around tailored experiences that blend real with virtual
architectural and engineering innovations.
• All to create a destination like no other on earth.
• TROJENA is part of NEOM’s regional plan, located 50km from the
Gulf of Aqaba coast in the heart of our nature region – with
elevations ranging from 1,500m to 2,600m and covering an area of
nearly 60 square kilometres.
• Capitalising on the different climate in the area, where winter
temperatures drop below zero Celsius and year-round temperatures GR
are generally 10 degrees cooler than the rest of the region – with its EE
clear fresh air and stunning views, N
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TROJENA will not only be a mesmerising place to visit, but also a
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magical place to live and work. D
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• TROJENA will offer year-round outdoor skiing and adventure
sports to be completed in 2026, an unrivalled experience and a
global landmark for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
• Highlights include a stunning man-made freshwater lake and
‘The Vault’. It is a folded village fusing technology,
entertainment and hospitality – as the main gateway into
TROJENA.
• On completion, the development will also contain a broad
range of homes. Including apartments, chalets and mansions
plus hotels ranging from the ultra-luxury and experiential to
wellness and family resorts.
• In addition, there will be a wide range of retail, leisure and The wildlife
dining options. Activities including year-round skiing, water reserve
sports, hiking and mountain biking will sit side by side with an
The bow
interactive nature reserve.
• TROJENA will become one of the most dazzling destinations GR
The lake
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in NEOM and across the world.
The ultra-luxury N
• Infused with the ethos of NEOM with its bold ambition, built mansion FI
around technology and innovation. The ski village EL
• It will follow the principles of sustainability, state-of-the-art D
The vault
technology and astonishing design. DE
• It will provide extraordinary opportunities for residents and VE
visitors looking for luxury, adventure, entertainment, livability LO
The observatory
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and escape from the everyday.
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OXAGON
A REIMAGINED INDUSTRIAL CITY - NOW OPEN FOR BUSINESS

• • It will be home to the most forward-thinking and visionary

OXAGON is NEOM’s economic and industrial engine, driving
innovation in industry and technology whilst offering companies.
• Seamlessly integrating nature with technology, it will be the
exceptional livability.
• Designed to attract global talent and breath new life into launchpad where moonshots become reality.
• The setting for leaders and their teams to push beyond traditional
manufacturing.
• Like nowhere else on earth, this pioneering cognitive city is a boundaries.
• And the blueprint for the future of work, living and sustainability.
place where businesses, industries and lives are built.

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THE LINE
A REVOLUTION IN URBAN LIVING
• THE LINE is located in NEOM, linking the coast of the
• THE LINE is a never-before-seen approach to urbaniszation – a
Red Sea with the mountains and upper valleys of the
170km-long linear urban development of multiple, hyper-connected
north-west of Saudi Arabia.
communities, with walkable neighbourhoods integrated with public • The location is at the crossroads of the world, making it a
parks and the natural landscape. It is a model of urban design and
natural choice for a global innovation hub.
livability in harmony with nature for the 21st century and beyond. • More than 40% of the global population will be able to
• THE LINE will reshape the traditional concept of urban life, enabling
reach NEOM’s breathtaking terrain in less than a four-
NEOM to become an economic engine for the Kingdom of Saudi
hour flight, while 13% of the world’s trade already flows
Arabia, the region, and the world.
through the Red Sea.
• The majority of NEOM land will be preserved to enhance livability • THE LINE revitalizes urban living by reintroducing
for residents and environmental protection. The design of THE LINE
walkability as the cornerstone of urban design. It will
provides a seamless way of living in harmony with nature.
create a sense of community by having nature, commerce,
business and innovation at the heart. Powered by 100%
renewable energy, with a digital framework incorporating GR
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AI and robotics, everything is built to serve human needs.
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 BROWN FIELD DEVELOPMENT :
ATLANTIC STATION, USA

INTRODUCTION : BR
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• In urban planning, brownfield land is any previously W
developed land that is not currently in use. N
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• It may be potentially contaminated, but it is not EL
required to refer for area as brownfield. D
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The term is also used to describe land previously
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used for industrial or commercial purposes with P
known or suspected pollution including soil As of 2006 the Atlantic Station project in Atlanta, was M
contamination due to hazardous waste. the largest brownfield redevelopment in the United EN
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 PROJECT FACTS : HISTORY :
• Location: Atlanta, Ga • Construction of the Atlantic Steel Mill began in 1901. It produced
steel from the 1920s to the 1980s.
• Size: 138 Acres
• For the first fifty years, it met the steel needs of the South, such
• Features: Large Parcel, Flat Land as nails, barbed wire, plough shears and galvanized steel.
• Owner: Jacoby Development Inc And Aig • At the height of its production in the 1950s, the facility
Global Real Estate Investment Corporation employed more than 2300 people and produced approximately
750,000 tons of steel annually.
• Current Use: Mixed-use (Residential, Office,
Retail And Entertainment) • Due to both domestic and foreign competition, some of its
operations were closed in the 1980s and employment dropped to
• Past Use: Steel Mill
400 people in 1997.
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• Contaminants: Pcbs, Sulfates • The Atlantic Steel Mill completely closed in 1998. O
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• Total Actual Cost: $250 Million For Clean-up
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Site Preparation And Infrastructure
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• Year the Atlantic Station redevelopment
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officially opened: 2005
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 TOPOGRAPHY : MARKET CONDITIONS :
• The site itself is located on the western boundary of • The development now contributes several millions
Interstate Highways 75 and 85. of dollars in tax revenues to both the Country and
the City.
• The site is also bounded by railroad tracks to the north.
• The newly constructed 17th Street Bridge connects directly • Before being redeveloped, the site contributed
to midtown Atlanta. $300,00 a year in property taxes.

• This bridge also allows easier access to a Metropolitan • Atlantic Station is now generating $30 million in
Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority transit station nearby. property taxes.

• In addition to this, the retailers present on the new

development contribute $10 to $20 million a year
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in Special Interest Local Option Sales Taxes.
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• Atlantic Station has generated thousands of new N
jobs that generate hundreds of millions of dollars in FI
total salaries. EL
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• 17th Street became the first-ever LEED Silver-Core DE
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and Shell certified high-rise office building, and the
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first high-rise office building in Georgia to receive P
any LEED certification. M
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 SITE ASSEMBLY AND CONTROL : ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS :
• In 1901, the Atlantic Steel Company was founded and • The remediation plan for the site involved excavating
construction began on its steel production complex in 180,000 cubic yards of soil contaminated with lead.
Atlanta, GA. Ivaco Inc., a Montreal steel maker, purchased
Atlantic Steel in 1979. • In addition, at least two feet of clean fill was placed
over all the slag that still remained on the site.
• In 1998, Jacoby Development purchased Ivaco Inc. In 1999,
Jacoby Development formed a partnerships with AIG Global
Real Estate for the property, encompassing all 138 acres. • A groundwater collection and treatment system was
also constructed in order to prevent the migration of
contaminants to other nearby areas. Several buildings
containing asbestos were also demolished.

• As part of the cleanup, around 150,000 cubic yards of

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concrete from the steel mill’s foundations and support
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structures, were recycled. W
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 SOCIAL/COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE : PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE :
• The involvement of the different stakeholders was essential in the • The eastern portion of the site, which is relatively
rezoning considerations of the Atlantic Steel site. close to existing large-scale development, has a
mixeduse environment.
• Multiple public meetings, group discussions, individual contacts and
a full public notice and review process was held during the rezoning • It contains residential space, which is made up of
of the property.
houses and apartments, office space and retail.
• The City of Atlanta Planning Department, the Georgia Department of
Transportation, the Atlanta Regional Commission, nine neighborhood • The residential village, which is made up of
organizations and several other groups including the Midtown condominiums is located at the center of the site.
Alliance and Georgia Tech University were involved in the process.
• This residential space is within walking distance to
• The rezoning document replaced the existing land use zoning the transit links, shopping, entertainment, office,
classification of industrial with a mixed-use classification that BR
recreation and open park spaces.
included residential, retail, hospitality and office at urban densities. O
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• A 366,000 square foot Ikea store can be found at the N
western side of the site. FI
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• It is important to note that “Smart Growth” principles D
were incorporated into the design of the site, which DE
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suggest reduced car travel and air quality impacts.
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COSTS & ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE :
• Approximately $167 million of the $250 million needed for the cleanup, site
preparation and infrastructure was provided by a Tax Allocation District
(TAD).
• The development of the hotel, office, retail and residential places found in
Atlantic Station was paid for by the private sector.

CURRENT STATUS AND LESSONS LEARNED :

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• By redeveloping the old Atlantic Steel property, the new Altantic Station W
remediated a brownfield, reduced the long term growth in the number of N
miles vehicles travel, decreased air emissions and saved open space. FI
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• The benefits that Atlantic Station has provided are not limited to only the D
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environmental aspect since the development also improves neighborhood VE
ameneties, creates new housing and offers new economic opportunities LO
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BIBLIOGRAPHY :

• [Link]
• [Link]
df/atlantic%20station%20case%[Link]
• [Link]
eom_fact_sheet_english.pdf
• [Link]