NETWORKS AND TYPES OF
NETWORKS
WHAT IS NETWORK?
“A computer network is a collection of two or more computers which are
connected together to share information and resources".
NETWORKS
A network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes) connected by communication links.
A node can be a computer, printer, or anyother device capable of sending and/orreceiving
data generated by other nodes on thenetwork.
A distributed data processing system in which multiple computers are linked together for the
purpose of data communication and resources sharing.
All networks require some components for interconnection.
These components are:
Communication Media
Network Devices
BENEFITS OF
NETWORKS
There are lots of advantages from build up a network, but the three big factsare-
File Sharing
From sharing files user can view, modify, and copy files stored on a different computer
on
the network just as easily as if they were stored on your computer.
Resource Sharing
Resources such as printers, Storage Devices, Webcam, Scanners, Modem and many more
devices can be shared.
Program Sharing
Just as you can share files on a network, you can often also share program(software) on a
network. For example, if you have the right type of software license, you can have a shared
copy of Microsoft Office, or some other program, and keep it on the network server, from
where it is also run.
TYPES OF NETWORK
i. LAN (Local Area Network)
ii. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
iii. WAN (Wide Area Network)
iv. WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
TYPES OF NETWORK
LAN
Local Area Network
Its usually privately owned and links
devices in a single office, building or
campus.
LAN can be as simple as two
PC’s and a printer or it can
extend throughouta company.
LAN SETUP
Networ
k server
Client Client
Machine Machine
Hub
Print
Printer Server
TYPES OF NETWORK
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network
Is a network with a size
between a LAN and a WAN.
It usually covers area
within a town or a city.
TYPES OF NETWORK
WAN
Wide Area Network
Provides long-
distance transmission
of data image ,
audio and video
information over
large geographic
areas that may
comprise a country,
a continent, or
even the whole
world
TYPES
WLAN OFNETWORK
A wireless local area network
(WLAN) is a wireless computer
network that links two or moredevices
using a wireless distribution
method within a limited area such as a
home, school, computer
laboratory, or office building.
This gives users the abilityto
move around within a local
coverage area and yet stillbe
connected to the network.
A WLAN can also provide a
connection to the wider Internet.
CLIENT-SERVER
Server NETWORK
A computer network in which one centralized, powerful computer is called the server.
Client
Sever is a hub to which many less powerful personal computers or workstations are connected
are called clients.
Client and ServerRelationship
The clients run programs and access data that are stored on the server.
A client-server network is designed for end-users, called clients, to access resources such as files, songs,
video collections or some other service from a central computer called a server.
NETWORK TOPOLOGY
What is a Network Topology?
“A Network Topology is the arrangement with which computer systems or network
devices are connected to each other”
Types Of Topology
Based on Geographical Area Based on Architecture
covered
Bus Topology
Local Area
Network (LAN)
Star Topology
Metropolitan Area Ring
Network (MAN)
Topology
Mesh Topology
Wide Area Hybrid Topology
Network(WAN)
al
BUS TOPOLOGY
A Bus topology consists of a single cable calleda bus, connecting all
nodes on a network without intervening connectivity devices
ADVANTAGES OF BUS TOPOLOGY
• Works well for small networks.
• Relatively inexpensive to implement.
• Easy to expand joining two cables together.
• Used in small network.
Coaxial
cable
Network Card
DISADVANTAGES OF BUS
TOPOLOGY • Management costs can be high
• Cables fails then whole network
fails.
• Cables has a limited length.
STAR TOPOLOGY
A star network is designed with each node (file server, workstation,
peripheral) connected directly to a central network hub or
server.
ADVANTAGES OF STAR TOPOLOGY
• Good option for modern
networks
• Low startup costs
• Easy to manage
• Offers opportunities for
expansion
• Most popular topology in use
wide variety of
equipment available
DISADVANTAGES OF STAR TOPOLOGY
• Hub is a single point of failure
• Requires more cable than the bus
• Cost of installation is high.
Ring topology
A ring network is one where all workstations and other devices are connected
in a continuous loop.
There is no central server.
ADVANTAGES OF RING TOPOLOGY
• Easier to manage; easier to
locate a defective node or
cable problem
• Well-suited for transmitting
signals over long distances
on a LAN
• Handles high-volume
network traffic
DISADVANTAGES OF RING
TOPOLOGY
• Expensive
• Requires more cable and
network equipment at the start
• Not used as widely as bus
topology
– Fewer equipment
options
– Fewer options for expansion
to high-speed
communication
MESH
TOPOLOGY
It
is a point-to-point connection to
other nodes or devices.
Traffic is carried only between
two devices or nodes to which it
is connected.
Meshhas n(n-2)/2 physical
channels to link hn devices.
ADVANTAGES OF MESH TOPOLOGY
• Each connection can carry its
own data load.
• Fault is diagnosed easily.
• Provide security and privacy.
DISADVANTAGES OF MESH TOPOLOGY
• Installation and configuration is difficult.
• Cabling cost is more.
• Bulk wiring is required.
HYBRID TOPOLOGY
Itis the mixture of two or more
topologies.
Therefore it is called Hybrid
topology.
A hybrid topology combines
characteristics of linear bus and
star and/or ring topologies.
Star-Wired Bus
ADVANTAGES OF HYBRID TOPOLOGY
• Reliable as error detecting
and trouble shooting is easy.
• Effective.
• Scalable as size can be
increased easily.
• Flexible.
Star-Wired Ring
DISADVANTAGES OF HYBRID TOPOLOGY
•It is a type of network expensive.
•Design of a hybrid network is very complex.
•There is change hardware in order to connect topology with another topology.
•Usually hybrid architectures are usually larger in scales so they requires a lot of
cables in installation process.
•Installation is a difficult process.
- Shubham Agrawal
