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Atp-Adp Cycle

1. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy currency of cells and is composed of adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. 2. ATP stores and releases energy through the formation and breaking of its high-energy phosphate bonds. 3. Cells produce ATP through cellular respiration using glucose and lipids as fuel, and break ATP's bonds to release energy for cellular functions, forming ADP (adenosine diphosphate) which is recycled back to ATP.

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MA. HAZEL TEOLOGO
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619 views19 pages

Atp-Adp Cycle

1. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy currency of cells and is composed of adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. 2. ATP stores and releases energy through the formation and breaking of its high-energy phosphate bonds. 3. Cells produce ATP through cellular respiration using glucose and lipids as fuel, and break ATP's bonds to release energy for cellular functions, forming ADP (adenosine diphosphate) which is recycled back to ATP.

Uploaded by

MA. HAZEL TEOLOGO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
  • Introduction to ATP and ADP: Introduces the basic concepts of ADP and ATP as essential components in cellular energy transactions.
  • What is ATP?: Explains ATP as the energy currency in cells, detailing its role, structure, and significance.
  • Sources and Composition of ATP: Details the origin and chemical structure of ATP, including its molecular components and formation process.
  • Energy Release from ATP: Describes the mechanism by which ATP releases energy through bond cleavage and subsequent cellular processes.
  • ADP-ATP Cycle: Covers the cyclical nature of ADP and ATP transformation in energy supply chains within the cell.
  • Steps in the ATP-ADP Cycle: Outlines the specific steps in which ATP is converted to ADP, and energy is liberated for cellular functions.
  • Mechanism of Bond Breakage: Explains the biochemical process involved in breaking phosphate bonds facilitated by enzymes such as ATPase.
  • Remaking ATP: Discusses the processes that enable the regeneration of ATP from ADP, ensuring a continual energy supply.

ADP AND ATP

WHAT IS ATP?
ATP STANDS FOR:

1. Adenosine
Triphosphate
WHAT IS ATP?

2. ATP is the energy


currency of all cells
(including plants and
animals). It supplies
you with energy.
WHAT IS ATP?

3. ATP is a type of
nucleic acid (like DNA
and RNA).
WHAT IS ATP?

4. ATP contains high


energy phosphate
bonds that store and
release energy.
WHERE DOES ATP COME
FROM?

• ATP comes indirectly from the food that we


eat.
• Molecules of carbohydrates (glucose) and
lipids are broken down through the process
of cellular respiration to produce ATP.
AN ATP MOLECULE IS
COMPOSED OF THE
FOLLOWING:
• A Nitrogenous Base –
Adenine
• A Sugar – Ribose
• Three phosphate groups
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF ATP

Adenine Base

3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar


HOW DO WE GET ENERGY
FROM ATP?
ADP-ATP CYCLE

• Cells break phosphate bonds


between the last two phosphate
groups in a molecule of ATP as
needed to supply energy for most
cellular functions, when this
happens a molecule of ADP
(adenosine diphosphate) and a
phosphate become available for
reuse.
ADP-ATP CYCLE

When any of the phosphate bonds are


broken or formed, energy is
involved.
• Energy is released each time a
phosphate is removed from the
molecule.
• Energy is stored each time a
phosphate attaches to the molecule.
ADP-ATP CYCLE

• To constantly supply the


cell with energy, the ADP
is recycled, creating more
ATP which carries much
more energy than ADP.
STEPS IN THE ADP-ATP CYCLE

• To supply cells with energy, a “high


energy” bond in ATP is broken. ADP
is formed and a phosphate is released
back into the cytoplasm.

ATP ADP + phosphate + energy


STEPS IN THE ADP-ATP CYCLE

• As the cell requires more energy, ADP


becomes ATP when a free phosphate
attaches to the ADP molecule. Then
energy needed to create an ATP
molecule is much less than the amount
of energy produced when the bond is
broken.
ADP + phosphate + energy ATP
HOW IS THE BOND BROKEN?

HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O)


Assisted by the enzyme ATPase.

H2 O
HOW DOES THAT HAPPEN?

An Enzyme!
THE ADP-ATP CYCLE

ATP
ATP-ase Synthetase
HOW IS ATP RE-MADE?

The reverse of the previous process


occurs.

Another Enzyme is
used!

ATP Synthase

ADP AND ATP
WHAT IS ATP?
ATP STANDS FOR: 1. Adenosine Triphosphate
WHAT IS ATP? 2. ATP is the energy currency of all cells (including plants and animals). It supplies you with energy.
WHAT IS ATP? 3. ATP is a type of nucleic acid (like DNA and RNA).
WHAT IS ATP? 4. ATP contains high energy phosphate bonds that store and release energy.
WHERE DOES ATP COME FROM? • ATP comes indirectly from the food that we eat. • Molecules of carbohydrates (glucose) and lip
AN ATP MOLECULE IS COMPOSED OF THE FOLLOWING: •A Nitrogenous Base – Adenine •A Sugar – Ribose •Three phosphate groups
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF ATP 3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar Adenine Base
HOW DO WE GET ENERGY FROM ATP?

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