Information System
Design and
Implementation
BCA-16-303
Recommended Text Book
System Analysis and Design
E. M. Awad, Galgotia Publications.
Course Objective
To provide you with various aspects of Systems to
be developed,
To introduce you to the pre-requisites of software
development and associated paradigms
To describe the systems development life cycle
(SDLC)
To teach you effective methods for gathering
essential information during system analysis
To teach you effective methods for designing
systems to solve problems effectively
Finally Implementation, testing and software
maintenance
Chapter 1
Systems Concept
What is a System?
Characteristics of System
Elements of system environment
Systems and Types
Subject Teacher: Dr. Mandeep K. Chawla
MCMDAV College for Women, Chandigarh
What is a System?
A collection of parts that work together to achieve a
goal/task
Definition
– Examples
an orderly grouping of
• Solar system
interdependent
• Digestive systems components
• Public transport system
linked together
• Central heating system
according to a plan
• Computer system
to
achieve a specificand
A set of components objective.
relationships among those are
viewed as a WHOLE and is designed to achieve an
objective.
Systems
Can Be Composed of Subsystems
System
Subsys A Subsys B Elemental
Part C
Subsys A-1 SubsysB-1
Subsys A-2 SubsysB-2
Subsys A-3 Elemental
part B1
What is subsystem?
A subsystem is simply a system
within a system.
– Automobile is a system composed of
subsystems:
• Engine system
• Body system
• Frame system
– Each of these subsystem is composed of
sub-sub --systems.
• Engine system: carburetor system, generator
system, fuel system, and so on
Bad Systems
Fail to meet requirements
Poor performance
Poor reliability
Lack of usability
Example difficulties
– Not to schedule
– Not to budget
– Runaway = 100% over-budget or schedule
Some problems are simply “wicked” problems
Characteristics of a System
OIIIC
Organization: structure and order, specifies the
formal flow of communication
Interaction: the manner in which each component
functions with other components of the system.
Interdependence: One component or subsystem
depends on the input of another subsystem for
proper functioning
Integration: how system components are
connected together, to ensure that they work
together
A Central objective
1.14
Elements of a System COP, FBI
Inputs and outputs: produce an output that
has value to its user.
Processor: involves the actual
transformations of input into output.
Control: It is the decision-making subsystem
that controls the pattern of activities.
Feedback: It measures output against
performance standards, changes can result in
the input or processing or output.
EnvirOnment: It is the source of external
elements that strike on the system.
1.14 Boundaries and interface: It determines its
sphere of influence and control.
Types of Systems
Physical or Abstract
Open or Closed
Man-made Information Systems
Adaptive or Non Adaptive System
Permanent or Temporary System
Deterministic or Probabilistic System
Physical or Abstract
Physical are tangible entities. We can touch & feel them.
Physical System may be static or dynamic in nature. For
example, desks and chairs are the physical parts of
computer center which are static. A programmed
computer is a dynamic system in which programs, data,
and applications can change according to the user's needs.
Abstract systems are non-physical entities or conceptual
that may be formulas, representation or model of a real
system.
Types of Systems (Contd. 1)
Open or Closed
An open system must interact with its environment. It
receives inputs from and delivers outputs to the outside
of the system. For example, an information system
which must adapt to the changing environmental
conditions.
A closed system does not interact with its environment.
It is isolated from environmental influences. A
Deterministic
completely or Probabilistic
closed system System
is rare in reality.
Deterministic system operates in a predictable manner
and the interaction between system components is
known with certainty. For example, two molecules of
hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen make water.
A Probabilistic shows uncertain behavior. The exact
output is not known. E.G. Weather forecasting, mail
Types of Systems (Contd. 2)
Man-made Information Systems
It may be viewed as a set of devices, procedures
and operating systems designed around USER-
BASED CRITERIA to produce information and
communicate it to the USER for planning, control
and performance.
In fact, information system may be viewed as a
decision centre for PERSONNEL at all levels.
It includes hardware, software, communication,
data, and application for producing information
according to the need of an organization.
These systems are divided into three types-
Formal Information System, Informal Information
System, Computer Based System (MIS, DSS)
Types of Systems (Contd. 3)
Adaptive and Non Adaptive System
Adaptive System responds to the change in the
environment in a way to improve their performance
and to survive. For example, human beings,
animals.
Non Adaptive System is the system which does not
respond to the environment. For example,
Permanent or Temporary System
machines.
Permanent System persists for long time. For
example, business policies.
Temporary System is made for specified time and
after that they are demolished. E.g. A Data
Processing system is set up for a specialized task
and it is dissembled after the task is over.
Introduction to System Analysis
And Design
System Analysis is a process of collecting
factual data, understanding the process
involved, identifying problems and
recommending feasible suggestion for
improving the system functioning.
System Design: Based on the user
requirements and the detailed analysis of the
existing sys, new system must be designed.
Chapter -1
The End
