UNIT 2

FROM THE WORLD

OF INDUSTRY
1. HENRY FORD (1863 – 1947)
CHILDHOOD
 Birth date - 30 July 1863

 Birth place –Greenfield

Township, Michigan.

 Parents – William Ford and Mary

Ford.
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EARLY LIFE
 His father gave him a pocket
watch in his early teens. At 15,
Ford dismantled and
reassembled the timepieces of
friends and neighbors dozens of
times, gaining the reputation of
a watch repairman.
EARLY CAREER
 Unsatisfied with farm work, Ford
left home at the age of 16 to
work as an apprentice machinist
at a shipbuilding firm in
Detroit. 
 In the later years, he learned to
skillfully operate and service
steam engines.
CAREER
 His mechanical skills and ability to grasp new
things led to his appointment as night engineer
for the Edison Electric Illuminating Company in
1891. (1863-1947 with Edison ..)

 Hard working and determined, Ford rose to the

position of a chief engineer of the Illuminating
Company by 1896.

 Alongside working on his job, he also started

working on something he had always been
fascinated with: building automobiles.
DREAMS COMING TRUE
 He teamed up with a group of friends and built
a self-propelled vehicle, the Quadricycle.
(gasoline powered). light metal frame fitted
with four bicycle wheels and powered by a two-
cylinder, four-horsepower gasoline engine.

 With four wire wheels that looked like heavy bicycle wheels, it
could be steered with a tiller like a boat, and had only two
forward speeds with no reverse.
Replica of shop where Henry Ford built his first
automobile, Greenfield Village, Michigan
WORKING ON DREAMS
 Ford continued on bettering his model of automobile, and
completed a second vehicle in 1898.

 Ford then decided to form his own company and resigned

from his job. He founded the Detroit Automobile
Company in 1899. 

 The automobiles produced by the company did not

perform well at the market and very soon he was forced
to close down the business.

 His partners, eager to put a passenger car on the market,

grew frustrated with Ford’s constant need to improve,
and Ford left his namesake company in 1902.
WORKING ON DREAMS
 He started working on improving the quality of
his automobiles and successfully raced a 26-
horsepower automobile in October 1901.

 he teamed up the stockholders in his Detroit

Automobile Company to form the Henry Ford
Company in November 1901.

 However, some issues came up between Ford

and the other stockholders and Ford left the
company which was later renamed Cadillac
Automobile Company after Ford’s departure.
WORKING ON DREAMS
 Undaunted by the failure of yet another
venture, he continued to pursue his passion
of building automobiles.

 He built several racing cars over the

subsequent years, including the “999” racer
which looked quite promising.
FORD MOTOR COMPANY
 In 1903, Henry incorporated the
Ford Motor Company.
 The company launched the Model
T in October 1908.
 The vehicle had a steering wheel
on the left—an idea which other
automobile companies soon
copied.
 The model proved to be highly
successful as it was not only
affordable, but also very simple
to drive, and easy and cheap to
repair.
FORD MOTOR COMPANY
 Henry Ford turned the presidency of Ford Motor
Company over to his son Edsel Ford in December
1918. retained final decision authority and
sometimes reversed the decisions of his son.
 Ford started another company, Henry Ford and
Son, the goal was to scare the remaining
holdout stockholders of the Ford Motor
Company. (He was determined to have full
control over strategic decisions.)
 Ford also purchased Lincoln Motor Co., founded
by Cadillac founder Henry Leland and his son
Wilfred during World War I. 
FORD MOTOR COMPANY
 By the mid-1920s, General Motors was
rapidly rising as the leading American
automobile manufacturer.
 Ford's lack of interest in anything outside the
low-end market, against replacing the Model
T, now 16 years old,
  Chevrolet was mounting a bold new
challenge.
 Model A was successful in 1927, Henry Ford
still resisted many technological innovations
MODEL T
 The Model T was so successful that Ford had to
greatly expand his production in order to meet
the ever-increasing demand

 The Model T dominated the automobile market

for several years and by 1918, half of all cars in
America were Model T's.

 The final total production was 15,007,034. This

record stood for the next 45 years. This record
was achieved in 19 years from the introduction
of the first Model T (1908).
REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS AND
WORKS
 Five Dollar wage

 Minimum salary of $5/workday.

(average pay - $2.34)

 Reduced workday from 9 to 8 hours

 Workerscould work in 3 shifts which

increased production.

 Raisedproductivity and reduced

training costs.
REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS AND
WORKS
 Assembly Line
 Basic principle – work moves and the workers
stay put.
 Moving assembly line was so efficient that Ford
could use only one type of paint – black (dried
faster)
 Though it had 1500 parts, one Model T could be
assembled every 3 minutes.
 Made it possible for Ford to make lots of cars at
cheaper cost.
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LATER YEARS
 Ford opposed war, which he viewed as a terrible
waste
 The coming of World War II and Ford's mental collapse
 When Edsel Ford, President of Ford Motor Company,
died of cancer in May 1943, the elderly and ailing
Henry Ford decided to assume the presidency. By this
point, Ford, nearing 80 years old, had had several
cardiovascular events (variously cited as heart attacks
or strokes) and was mentally inconsistent, suspicious,
and generally no longer fit for such immense
responsibilities.
 Ford ceded the company Presidency to his
grandson, Henry Ford II.
HENRY FORD QUOTES
 If you think you can do a thing or think you
can't do a thing, you're right.
 Coming together is a beginning, staying
together is progress, and working together is
success.
 Failure is simply the opportunity to begin
again, this time more intelligently.
 When everything seems to be going against you,
remember that the airplane takes off against
the wind, not with it.
 Obstacles are those frightful things you see
when you take your eyes off your goal.
HENRY FORD QUOTES
 Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at
twenty or eighty. Anyone who keeps learning
stays young. The greatest thing in life is to
keep your mind young.
 Don't find fault, find a remedy.
 If everyone is moving forward together, then
success takes care of itself.
 Thinking is the hardest work there is, which is
probably the reason why so few engage in it.
 A business that makes nothing but money, is a
poor business.
QUOTES
LEADERSHIP SKILLS
 He valued Human Capital

 He believed in Equality

 Emotional Intelligence.

 Like many leaders, Henry Ford broke away from

standards. He was the fish that ventured away
from its school and tried something different. He
was also keenly in touch with people’s needs,
which enabled him to know how to help them and
in turn run a successful business.
BILL GATES
INTRODUCTION
 He is one of the best-known entrepreneurs and
pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s
and 1980s.
 In 1987, he has been included in the Forbes list of the
world's wealthiest people(1995 to 2017: richest
person).
 As of August 2020, Gates had an estimated net worth
of US$113.7 billion, making him the second-wealthiest
person in the world, behind Jeff
Bezos(Amazon founder and CEO).
  In 2009, Gates and Warren Buffett founded The Giving
Pledge, whereby they and other billionaires pledge to
give at least half of their wealth to philanthropy.
WILLIAM HENRY GATES - III
 Born – 28 October, 1955, Seattle, Washington

 Principal Founder of Microsoft Corporation

 Parents – William H, Gates II(prominent lawyer)

and Mary Maxwell Gates(Board of Directors for
 First Interstate BancSystem and the United Way
of America.)

 As a child: bullied. The family encouraged

competition, there was always a reward for
winning and there was always a penalty for losing"
EARLY LIFE
 At 13, he enrolled at a private school(Lakeside prep school) and

 When he was in the eighth grade, the Mothers' Club at the

school used proceeds from Lakeside School's rummage sale, he
was excused from math classes to pursue his interest.

 He then wrote his first software program named tic-tac-toe. It

allowed users to play games against the computer. Gates was
fascinated by the machine and how it would always execute
software code perfectly.

 After the Mothers Club donation was exhausted, Gates and

other students sought time on systems, after it caught them
exploiting bugs in the operating system to obtain free computer
time
 The four students formed the Lakeside Programmers
Club to make money, The arrangement with CCC
continued until 1970 when the company went out of
business

 The following year, a Lakeside teacher enlisted Gates

and Evans to automate the school's class-scheduling
system, providing them computer time and royalties in
return. Evans was killed in mountain climbing and then
Gates asked for help from Allen

 At 17,  Gates formed a venture with Allen called Traf O

Data to make traffic counters based on the Intel 8008
processor.
 1590/1600 in Scholastic Aptitude Test and got
admission in Harvard College,

 Gates did not have a definite study plan while he was

a student at Harvard and he spent a lot of time using
the school's computers.

 He remained in contact with Paul Allen, with whom he

later started Microsoft.

 He explained his decision(to his parents) to leave

Harvard: "if things hadn't worked out, I could always
go back to school. I was officially on leave.
MICROSOFT
 BASIC:

 BASIC: Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems(MITS)- He

and Allen had developed basic interpreter for the platform.

 deal with MITS to distribute the interpreter as Altair BASIC

 MITS hired Allen and Gates dropped out of Harvard to continue

with his work with MITS.

 Allen named their partnership  "Micro-Soft", a combination of

"microcomputer" and "software", soon they dropped the
hyphen within a year, and they registered the trade name
"Microsoft" on November 26, 1976
 A pre market copy had leaked out and was
widely copied and distributed.

 He wrote an open letter-that they need to pay ,

as Gates persisted in his belief that software
developers should be able to demand payment. 

 During Microsoft's early years, all employees had

broad responsibility for the company's business.

 Gates continued to write code and personally

reviewed every code, often rewrote parts of it.
IBM PARTNERSHIP
 IBM approached Microsoft in July 1980 concerning
an operating system for its upcoming IBM’s PC.

 Gates did not offer to transfer the copyright on

the operating system because he believed that
other hardware vendors would clone IBM's system.

 They did, and the sales of MS-DOS made Microsoft

a major player in the industry.

 Restructing of the organisation then made Gates

the chairman of the board.
HIS MANAGEMENT STYLE
 Primary responsibility for Microsoft's product
strategy from the company's founding in 1975
until 2006.

 He was distant from others, who hardly

recieved calls or would return phone calls.

 Competitive mind-set, a game which was lost

by him 35/37 times, next time they meet –
either won or tied every game. Studied the
game.
HIS MANAGEMENT STYLE
 Gates met regularly with Microsoft's senior managers and
program managers, and the managers described him as
being verbally combative.

 He interrupted presentations with such comments as

"that's the stupidest thing I've ever heard"and "why don't
you just give up your options and join the Peace Corps?

 For procastinatination, he would reply sarcastically.

 On June 15, 2006, Gates announced that he would

transition out of his role at Microsoft, two successors
when he placed Ray Ozzie in charge of management
and Craig Mundie.
ANTI TRUST LITIGATION
 Microsoft had
committed monopolization and tying, and
blocking competition
PHILANTHROPHY
 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation-world’s largest
private charity.

 He has donated amounts of money to various

charitable organizations and scientific research
programs through the institute.

  Four program areas: Global Development

Division, Global Health Division, United States
Division, and Global Policy & Advocacy Division

 Giving Pledge
QUOTES
 We all need people who will give us feedback.
That’s how we improve.

 We make the future sustainable when we invest

in the poor, not when we insist on their
suffering.

 If you are born poor it’s not your mistake, but if

you die poor it’s your mistake.

 Success is a lousy teacher. It seduces smart

people into thinking they can’t lose.
LEADERSHIP STYLE
 Autocratic/Pacesetter

 Having vision

 Growing and Learning

 Caring about people.

 Great leaders like Bill Gates are successful in

staying grounded which enables success.
KEY LEADERSHIP SKILLS TRAITS
 Vision. True leadership involves looking beyond
today, to tomorrow and beyond.
 Optimism. A true leader must be able to inspire
and motivate others.
 Adaptability. No single leadership style is right
for all times and places
 Strong communication skills. instruct
subordinates on their work, correct their
mistakes, provide inspiration, and take feedback.
 Confidence. must be someone people can believe
and trust in
 Decisiveness. at the very heart of what it is to be
a leader