Approach, Method and Technique and Strategies

• Simple diagram found below is an attempt to distinguish them:

 Teaching Approach
• Teaching Approach: encompasses the whole orientation of teaching.

• Approach is the broadest of the three

• Technique is the most specific

• Method is found in between approach and technique.

• As presented by the diagram, the method and technique are just parts and
parcels of approach.
 Teaching Approaches
• It is a set of principles, beliefs, or ideas about the nature of learning
which is translated into the classroom.

• Encompasses the whole orientation of teaching.

• Approach sets the general rule or general principle to make learning

possible.

• It encompasses the philosophy of teaching. What is the nature of

education? What is teaching? What is the role of the teacher? What is the
role of the students?
 Transmission Approach
• Consider teaching as telling or transmission of information / knowledge or

demonstration of procedures.

• Transmission refers to one way flow of information from the instructor to

learners.

• They include lecture, demonstration and self-study .

 Interactive (Transactional) Approach
• Teaching is viewed as organizing learner activities, whereby the instructor
serves as a facilitator.

• These refer to methods that focus on the interaction between the instructor
and learners or learners themselves.

• The methods include Discussion, think-pair-share, Seminar, debate, group

discussions, practical work, question and answer and buzz groups.
 Transformation Approach
• Refers to strategies that aim at changing the behavior of learners and make

them to apply the acquired knowledge in solving problems.

• Teaching is comprehended as a process of working cooperatively with learners

to help them change their understanding or behavior.

E.g. Role play, field trip, case study, project.

 Transformative Learning Theory
• Transformative learning is “the process of effecting change in a frame of
reference.

• A frame of reference includes a student’s habit of the mind, as well as a

personal point of view.

• The habits of mind are affected by previous learning experiences and

cultural norms, while the points of view are the student’s personal
beliefs and attitudes (Mezirow, 1997).
 Transformative Learning Theory
Mezirow identified four processes of learning:

• Elaborate an existing point of view

• Establish new points of view

• Transform previous point of view

• Transform habits of the mind.

 TEACHING APPROACHES
TEACHER-CENTERED LEARNER-CENTERED

SUBJECT-MATTERED CENTERD LEARNER-CENTERED

TEACHER DOMINATED INTERACTIVE

“BANKING” APPROACH CONSTRUCTIVIST

DISCIPLINAL INTEGRATED
INDIVIDUALISTIC COLLABORATIVE

PARTICIPATORY
LESS PARTICIPATORY

Dr. Md. Enamul Hoque, Director at Education and

Development Research Council (EDRC
 Teaching Methods
• A method is an overall procedure used to teach a particular lesson.

• Is an organized, orderly, systematic, and well-planned procedure aimed at

facilitating and enhancing students’ learning.

• It refers to didactical activities that involves interaction between the

learner, the content, teaching materials and the teacher to achieve the
objectives.

• Is the ways of presenting instructional materials or conducting instructional

activities.

• Method is employed to achieve certain specific aims of instruction.

 Teaching Technique

• Technique encompasses the personal style of the teacher in carrying out specific
steps of the teaching process.

• It refers to actions the teachers performs to promote learning in a particular

method.

• Technique is the art or skill of or performing activities in a clever way.

• You may be using the discussion method but the way you ask questions to promote
participation is your own technique.

• Teachers have systems of rewards/punishments for students who comply and exceed
or defy and lag behind.
 Strategy
• It is a combination of specific procedures or operations, grouped and
ordered in definite sequence that learners can use in the classroom to
achieve learning objectives.
• It is sequence of methods used during a particular lesson
• It is a plan of action that coordinates the activities of both the teacher
and the learner to achieve the goal.
• It is a logical workable arrangement of activities within a lesson to
meet the specific learning objectives.
• A strategy is used either in solving a classroom problem , or in
improving instruction.
• It is a pattern of acts that serves to obtain certain outcomes and to
guard against certain others.
NB. Although the meanings of these terminologies are different several

times they are used interchangeably.