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PV Module Testing & Issues Guide

The document summarizes PV panel manufacturing issues, components, processes, and IV curve testing. It discusses: 1) The main components of a PV module including solar cells, glass, backsheet, ribbons, and junction box. 2) The manufacturing process which includes stringing solar cells together, soldering ribbons to busbars, framing, isolation testing, and sun simulation testing. 3) Potential issues like micro-cracks, hotspots, and snail trails seen on electroluminescence images that can impact output power. 4) IV curve testing using a PV200 unit to analyze current-voltage characteristics and identify potential problems like low fill factor.

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abdallah alserhan
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595 views18 pages

PV Module Testing & Issues Guide

The document summarizes PV panel manufacturing issues, components, processes, and IV curve testing. It discusses: 1) The main components of a PV module including solar cells, glass, backsheet, ribbons, and junction box. 2) The manufacturing process which includes stringing solar cells together, soldering ribbons to busbars, framing, isolation testing, and sun simulation testing. 3) Potential issues like micro-cracks, hotspots, and snail trails seen on electroluminescence images that can impact output power. 4) IV curve testing using a PV200 unit to analyze current-voltage characteristics and identify potential problems like low fill factor.

Uploaded by

abdallah alserhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PV panels

manufacturing ,
site issues and
IV curve test

WALEED AL AJLOUNI 165724


CONTENTS

01. PV module 02. Manufacturing


components process

Hotspot , micro-
03. cracks ,snail trails
04. IV-curve test
1. PV module components

aluminum frame
Ribbons / ( LRF )

glass
(EVA) film
solar cells
(EVA) film junction box ( bypass diodes , MC4 )

back sheet

Fig 1 : PV module components


2. Manufacturing process
Machine that
connect solar
cell to gather to
produce a sub-
String machine
string Electroluminescence )EL
( test

1 2 3 4
Solderng machine High pressure
Connecting ribbons to and
busbar
temperature
EL tset Framing Isolation test Sun simulation

5 6 7 8
Phenomenon occurs
when current pass a PV
cells
3.
Micro-cracks ,
Hotspot , snail trail
EL image for a PV cells

Fig 2 : monocrystalline module Fig 3 : polcrystalline module


* NOT every cracks can lead to hotspot or a drop in output power
Crack free

Uniform distribution of
the heat , approximately
at STC ( 25 c° )

Micro-crack

Shade area

Uneven distribution of the


current flow in the busbars
which will increase the Temp.

Breakdown cell

Fig 4 : EL image of solar cell samples Fig 5 : Thermal image of solar cell
samples under STC condition
Solar irradiance vs output power of each crack

Crack free Micro-crack Shade area Breakdown cell


Fig 6 : Solar irradiance vs output power of each mode.
Shade ratio VS Temp. distribution

25%
The main reason of increase in cell
temperature is the uneven of current
40 %

distribution .
60 %
80 %

The most dangerous two cases are 40%


and 60% of shade , as the temperature
can reach 105 C°.
100%

Fig 7 : Shade ratio VS Temp.


distribution
Fig 9 : busbar
deformation

snail
trail

Fig 8 : hotspots &


snail trail
Fig 10 : Burnt ribbon

Fig 11 : Burnt cell


Fig 12 : Normal Temp. distribution

Fig 13 : inner connection of PV panel


Fig 16 : Hotspot
Fig 14 : 1 Bypass damaged

Fig 17 : Hotspot
Fig 15 : 2 Bypass damaged
4. IV CURVE TEST
*
The PV test terminals maximum rating: 1000V DC open circuit voltage, 15A short circuit
current,10kW DC power.

Will appear when fill


factor < 60 %

Seaward PV 200
Fig 18 : Connection between SEAWARD PV200 and PV module

Solarcert software
Table 1 : IV curve test for HOTSPO panel Table 2 : IV curve test for BYPASS panel

8
8

6
6
Current (A)

Current (A)
4 4

2
2

0 0
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40
Voltage (V) Voltage (V)
THANK you
any questions?

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