Transport & Telecommunication

 Transport system provides sound base for

socio-economic growth.
 Demand for efficient transport has
increased with expansion in population,
agriculture and industry.
 There are four major means of transport in
Pakistan ; rail, road, air and water
 Pakistan Railways
 Pakistan railways is comprised of 7,791
route-kilometres.
 There are 625 stations in the network.
 It stretches from Karachi to Peshawar.
 Northern Pakistan few rail networks.
 There is a dense network in Punjab.
 Sparse network in Balochistan; only one line
in west of the province.
 There are two lines in central KPK.
 Moderate network in Sindh.
 Recent Developments
 New services on different routes.
 Constructing a track to Gwadar linked to the
port.
 Computerised ticketing system.
 One window ticketing system.
 Dual tracks.
 More electrification.
 Karakoram Express, Shalimar Express,
Magno Train
 New routes and more lines developed.
 Air-conditioned coaches
 Public address system.
 More spacious coaches with more seats /
berths.
 Greater safety.
 More privatization – provides more
comfortable coaches.
 Establishments of Repair workshops
 Construction of Karachi Circular Railway.
 Governments efforts for
Improvements
 To encourage more people to use railways.
 The network needed improving as it was
outdated.
 To carry more passengers i.e large amount
of people on one journey.
 To enhance the transport of goods within the
country (like transporting raw material to
secondary industry for processing)
 To improve trade links in order to
connect more industrial areas and
connect dry port to sea port.
 To connect remote areas to developed
areas including market.
 To assist business, economic growth
and income for government.
 More environmentally friendly
 To be able to travel longer distances.
 Faster than road.
 Cheaper than air travel.
 Better security , safer than roads.
 Provides opportunities for tourism.
 Benefits of rail transport for
people and goods.
 Fast / efficient;
 Can move bulky goods and a lot of people.
 Cheaper.
 More suitable for long distances.
 Cost effective / economical.
 No traffic jams.
 Less air pollution
 Dry Ports
 It is an inland terminal connected to a
seaport by road or rail.
 Operates as a centre for the transhipment of
sea cargo to inland destinations.
 An inland area gets connected to the sea.
 Dry Ports in Use
 Faisalabad.
 Sialkot Dry Port in Sambrial
 Gilgit
 Hyderabad, Karachi / Kemari
 Islamabad, Rawalpindi.
 Lahore, Larkana , Multan, Mughal Pura.
 Peshawar
 Quetta
 Benefits of Dry Ports
 Can be used to relieve a major seaport of
workload and congestion i.e Karachi / Port
Qasim.
 Provides facilities; like container yards,
warehouses, railway sidings, cargo-handling
equipment, administrative services for export
or import purposes i.e everything is in one
place.
 Speeds up , saves time , more convenient for
businesses as they do not have to transport
their goods all the way to the sea port.
 Efficient managerial staff; saves time and
money and paperwork gets completed
quickly , smooth collection of revenue for
government
 Refrigeration facilities provided; for
perishable items, e.g. fruit and vegetables .
 Employment opportunities provided /
warehousing / customs
 Allows trade away from sea port also
allows all regions to be productive,
encourages foreign trade in each region
 Saves money for exporters; makes more
profit
 Dry Ports

 It is an inland terminal connected to a

seaport by road or rail.
 It operates as a centre for the transhipment
of sea cargo to inland destinations.
 An inland area or multimodal logistics centre
connected to the sea.
 Dry Ports
 Faisalabad, Sambrial / Sialkot
 Gilgit
 Hyderabad
 Rawalpindi
 Lahore , Mughal Pura,
 Multan, Larkana
 Peshawar
 Quetta
 Roads
 More roads in / most dense in east / north-
east / south-east,Fewer roads in / least
dense in south-west / north;
 One region the north / north-east has a
motorway
 Motorway connects cities (A and B) in the
north / north-east
 Many minor roads compared to major
highways in all regions.
 Advantage of motorway
 Faster / more efficient form of transport / to
reduce time of journey.
 Industrial estates are built along the route /
promotes industrial growth.
 Trading / raw materials can be delivered to
industries / finished products can be
delivered to markets / dry ports.
 • More employment opportunities can be
provided (due to industrial expansion).
 Advantage of motorway
 Motorway can be further expanded to connect
Afghanistan and the Central Asian Republic /
increase foreign trade / increase in imports
and exports.
 New settlements can be established along the
route.
 Connects cities / to outlying rural areas.
 Promote tourism.
 Relieve traffic on other roads , e.g. N5;
 Reduce accidents / safer
 The N5; National Highway
 Karachi through Lahore and Peshawar to
Turkham
 It Passes through : In Eastern Sindh from
Hyderabad to Sukkur.
 In Punjab Bahawalpur and Multan
 Grand Trunk Road (GT Road)
 From Lahore to Peshawar its called GT Road
 It serves cities of Lahore, Gujrawala,
Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Peshawar.
 The Indus Highway
 It covers districts located on the west bank of
the River Indus.
 Dadu, Larkana, Shikarpur, Dera Ghazi Khan
and Dera Ismail Khan.
 The RCD Highway / Lahore-
Quetta
 It connects Karachi with Quetta, from Karachi
to Balochistan at Hub in Lasbela then
Khuzdar to Quetta and Nok Kundi , it then
led to Iran and Turkey.
 Route 50 From Lahore it passes through
Faisalabad and crosses DI Khan then enters
Balochistan crossing Sulaiman Range and
then from Zhob to Quetta
 Sukkur-Quetta, KKH

 N5 connects Sukkur with Bolan Pass through

Indus Highway to Quetta.
 Karakoram Highway connects Pakistan with
China in North through Khunjerab Pass.
 Air Transportation

 Its favorable for low volume and high value

goods that needs to be moved quickly.
 There is an extensive domestic air network
linking all key cities and major centers.
 The Civil Aviation Authority manages and
develops civil aviation in Pakistan.
 Air Transportation

 PIA is an international airline of Pakistan.

 Private (local) Airlines: AIR BLUE LIMITED,
AIRSIAL LIMITED, PAKISTAN
INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES CORP and
SERENE AIR (PVT) LIMITED.
 Air Transport
 availability of flat,wide,open land (needed for
runways/for building).
 near to large cities/areas of large population
(for employees, customers/trade)
 near to industry (to encourage international
trade/business)
 need for faster/efficient transport for cargo
(especially for perishable goods)
 Air routes to areas (like Gilgit and Skardu)
makes inaccessible areas more accessible;
 rise in living standards/more disposable
income (has led to more people using air
transport)
 security (to encourage international
investment/so tourists feel safe);
 increased tourism
 links to (other infrastructure) roads and
railways
 Disadvantages
 expensive tickets, cannot afford to
pay/compared with other transport
 limited luggage allowance/items allowed
onboard are restricted.
 limited number of flights per day compared
with trains/buses.
 luggage can be lost/damaged;
 flights cancelled/delayed/late due to bad
weather
 Disadvantages
 noise pollution near to runways/airports
 air pollution near to runways/airports
 Water transport
 important in handling bulk goods which do
not need quick movement.
 Seaport handle most of international trade.
 Major seaports;
 Kimari in Karachi (development):
 It receives tankers, containers, bulk and
general cargo
 It has liquid product terminal with ancillaries.
 construction of flyover bridges connecting
bypasses to seaports
 Provision of navigational aids and radars.
 Environmental protection equipment.
 Expansion in storage facilities.
 Container terminals are being modernized.
 Port Qasim (is in Gharo Creek southeast
of Karachi)
 Port Qasim is the first integrated port of
Pakistan that combines the function of
multipurpose deep seaport and a designated
Industrial Zone.Gawadar.
 Major categories of cargo handled at Port
Qasim: iron ore, coal, grain, furnace, oil,
edible oil, rice , LPG containers and fertilizers
 In 1979 Pakistan National Shipping
Corporation was established.
 PNSC Objectives:
 Serves as operating links between major
trading partners of Pakistan.
 Maitain a stabilizing influence on freight rates
 To save foreign exchange and to provide a
strategic link in case of emergencies.
 Gawadar Port: Location; west of Makran
coast in Balochistan.
 It can become a substitute port if Keamari
and port Bin Qasim are affected.
 Can serve as entreport for Central Asia if
Afghanistan allows Central Asia goods
pass through its territory.
 It can generate transit fees for Pakistan.
 Central Asia republics can open their
warehouses in Gawadar.
 help develop ancillary Industries in region
 Note: Ancillaries Industries; they support
facilities like unloading, storing and
transporting of liquid products.
 Gwadar Prospects
 Setting up free Industrial zone to provide oil
storage, refining and ancillary facilities.
 Developing EPZ near coast to improve
county’s economy.
 To make Baluchistan a hub for International
port traffic
 Importance of Sea port
 makes use of deep water/sheltered harbours
to facilitate container ships/large ships/cruise
 improves the national economy makes use of
the long coastline in the south of the country
 provides economic opportunities.
 provides opportunities for international trade.
 other countries can import/export through the
ports of Pakistan/named examples e.g.
 Afghanistan/China/Middle East countries
 Sea port
 Pakistan can export goods abroad.
 bulky goods can be moved relatively cheaply
 provides employment opportunities in areas
usually reliant on traditional activities; fishing.
 seaports handle most international trade
 infrastructure development like roads and
railways near the sea boosts the local
economy allows nearby area to be
developed and modernised