CHAPTER 12
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SOLAR NEXT
SYSTEM
12.1
Solar System Textbook (page 252 – 264)
Mars Neptune
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Mercury Jupiter
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Uranus
Earth
Asteroid
belt
Venus
Saturn
2
Comparison of Planet Distances in Solar System from the
Sun
2 units are used in
measuring distance Astronomical Unit (A.U.) HOME
between objects in the average distance between the Earth and the Sun.
space. BACK
1 A.U. = 1.5 X 108 km NEXT
Light Years (ly)
the distance travelled by light in one year.
1 ly = 9.5 X 1012 km
3
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Mercury
The closest planet to the Sun HOME
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• It is the smallest planet in the solar system.
• The surface of Mercury is similar to the NEXT
surface of the moon, with asteroid craters
and cliffs which are tens of kilometres high.
• However, because of the absence of
atmosphere, light cannot be scattered. As a
result, the sky appears dark in outer space.
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Venus
The second closest planet to the Sun HOME
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• Venus is known as the ‘greenhouse’ planet because
of the high content of carbon dioxide in its
atmosphere. NEXT
• Venus also rotates from east to west, which differs
from the Earth and other planets which rotate from
west to east. This means that on Venus, the Sun
rises from the west.
• The size and age of Venus is the same as the Earth,
but its climate is far more challenging, with a
temperature of approximately 460°C.
9
Earth
The third planet from the Sun HOME
• The only place in the universe that is inhabited by
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living things.
• Earth has a layer of air known as the atmosphere, NEXT
which protects the surface of the Earth from solar
wind, harmful ultraviolet rays and radiation from
outer space.
• More than 71% of the Earth is covered in water and
29% is land.
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Mars
The fourth planet from the Sun HOME
• Also known as the ‘Red Planet’.
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• Mars has two moons, Phobos and Demos.
• Mars has a surface area that is only 25% that of the NEXT
Earth and its mass is 10% that of the Earth.
• If observed from Earth, the atmosphere of Mars can
be divided into two different areas. The brighter area
is covered in dust and reddish sand, while the poles
contain frozen water and carbon dioxide.
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Jupiter
The fifth planet from the Sun HOME
• Also the largest planet of all eight planets in the solar
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system.
• Its mass is almost 320 times that of the Earth, and is NEXT
twice the amount of all the planets in the solar
system.
• Jupiter is said to be the protector of the Earth, as it is
able to deflect huge objects from hitting Earth with its
strong gravity.
12
Saturn
The sixth planet from the Sun HOME
• The second largest planet in the solar system.
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• Saturn is classified as a ‘giant gas’ planet.
• It has a ring system which mostly comprises of ice NEXT
with a small amount of rocky material and dust.
• To date, 62 moons have been found to orbit this
planet. The size of Titan, Saturn’s biggest moon (after
Ganymede) is bigger than Mercury.
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Uranus
The seventh planet from the Sun.
• The first elements in the interior of Uranus are ice and HOME
rock. Uranus is the third biggest planet in the solar
system. Astronomers often refer to it as a ‘giant gas’
BACK
planet.
• Uranus has a ring system similar to Saturn, but it is NEXT
thinner and darker.
• It has many moons.
• Uranus is a unique planet because its axis of rotation is
tilted, almost parallel to its orbit around the Sun.
• Uranus takes 84 years (time on Earth) to orbit the Sun.
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HOME
Neptune BACK
The eighth planet from the Sun.
NEXT
• Also classified as a ‘giant gas’ planet.
• Takes almost 165 years (time on Earth) to orbit
the Sun.
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Relationship Relationship
Relationship
between between Density and
between Distance,
Temperature of a Gravitational Pull of HOME
Time and Speed
Planet and the Sun a Planet BACK
NEXT
In general, the greater the In general, the greater the In general, the greater the
distance of a planet from the mass and the denser a planet, distance of a planet from the
Sun, the lower the the stronger is the Sun, the longer it takes to
temperature of a planet. gravitational pull of the orbit the Sun.
Besides, it also depends on planet.
the atmosphere of the
planets.
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Rotational Direction of the Planets
HOME
Venus rotates from
west
All planets rotate from
east to west.
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to east. NEXT
West East Uranus rotates on its side.
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Hypothetical Situation Related to the Solar System
HOME
Longer day and night duration More desert areas in parts
in two different parts of the of the Earth that faces the
Earth. Sun. BACK
NEXT
What happens if the
rotation of the Earth slows
down or stops completely?
Change in high and low Temperature will drop
tides. in areas of the Earth
that do not receive
sunlight.
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Natural Satellites
HOME
Satellites are objects that
revolve around the planets. BACK
NEXT
Other planets have
satellites of different
numbers and sizes.
The Earth has one satellite,
the Moon.
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The Earth as a Planet for Living Things
HOME
1 Water 4 Atmosphere
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2 Oxygen 5 Sunlight
Criteria for Living
Things
3 Suitable 6 Gravity
temperature
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