Final year Project
Design of Milk
Transportation vessel
and Cart
Advisors:
Mr. Solomon Gebregziabher(MED)
Mr. Endris Mohammed(MIE)
[Link] ( ) (MIE)
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Objective
To improve milk transportation by cart
so as to enhance milk delivery from
rural area to urban area or processing
industry.
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Introduction
Milk transportation is transporting milk from farm area
where it is produced to the processing industry or distributing
area.
The transportation vessel is insulated to prevent the milk from
getting hot during winter or freezing in summer.
The insulation material should be of such quality that the
temperature of milk should not be allowed to rise more than
the required.
During transportation,
– agitation should be prevented
– hygienic practices are needed.
– a cover should be provided over any opening or hose
connector
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Cont…
The milk vessel should be:
Constructed of non-corrosive material and
manufactured in such away that not to affect
the milk.
smooth and free of cavities and loose particles
Non-toxic and resistant to damage from
cleansers and sanitizers
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Conceptual Design
Given Specifications
Vessel capacity=300Litres
Cart traveling distance=10Km
Cart will be drawn by animals.
Collected Data & Information
Temperature of milk just out of the cows
teat = 38oc
Efficient cooling of milk at the farm (before
loading) from 38oc to 4oC in less than 1 hr.
is needed.
The density of raw milk varies between
approx. 1.020 g/cm3 and 1.050 g/cm3
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Collected data & information
(Cont’d……..)
Two donkeys can pull a load (weight of cart
included) of up to 700 up to 800 kg.
A single donkey can pull a load (weight of
cart included) of 400 to 500 kg.
A cart for a single donkey might be 1—1.2 m
wide and 1.1—1.8 m long.
Speed of animal cart can range 3 to 5km/hr.
Animal carts can travel from 10 to 20km.
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Cont……
Milk transportation by cart should be within 15
to 20km radius.
Atm. Conditions of Tigray region:
-Average max. temp. = 28oc (April to June)
-Average min. temp. = 10oc (Jan. to Dec.)
-Average wind speed = 3m/s
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Existing cart Models
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Design by Analysis
The design has two 2. Cart
main components Chassis
1. Vessel Axle
Shell Breaks
Openings
Wheels
draw poles
Supports
bearings
Insulation Leaf Springs
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Design of the vessel
Shell type-Cylindrical
Head/End
type__torospherical
Material
-stainless steel
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Design of Saddles (Supports)
Total weight of the vessel
WTotal=W vessel +WInsulation +W Milk
Moment between and at the
saddles , shear forces on the
saddles
Dimensions of the saddles
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Thermal Design of the vessel
Objective : To obtain the suitable thickness of insulation
so that the temp. of milk will not be lowered or raised
during transportation.
Insulation material = Urethane foam
Assumption
The properties of milk and insulation material are constant
Change in temp. of the milk will not exceed more than
2oc .
If the milk is refrigerated or cooled from 38oc to 4oc before
loading, the temp. of the milk will be 4oc
If the milk is not refrigerated before loading, the temp. of
the milk will be around 28oc.
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Cont…
Given data
Cart transportation distance=10km
Average cart speed=4km/hr
Volume of vessel=300Lit = 0.3m3
Insulation thickness=50mm
Collected data
Atm. Conditions of Tigray region:
(Described above)
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Analysis
Total heat loss
Heat loss due to
- radiation
-conduction
-Convection
Time taken to travel
Temperature rise is
calculated and compared
with the assumed value.
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Cart Design
The task involves designing
of
Chassis
Axle
draw pole
Breaks
(Not designed)
Wheels
Bearings
Leaf springs
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Design of the Axle
Analysis
Assume the axle
is originally straight
Weight of cart above
the axle, 2W=4000N.
W=2000N
Deflection of the axle
Dimensions of the axle
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Design of leaf springs
W W
Purpose;
Used to absorb L
vibration during
driving on rough
roads so that the
milk will not be
disturbed.
Multi_leaf spring
Mono_leaf spring
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Selection of Wheels & Bearigs
Tyres from a passenger
car are suitable for
donkey carts.
The second wheel is
better than the first one.
Because the second type
of wheel has a vibration
damping property while the
first is rigid
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
3D Drawings
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Project Limitations
There were no enough references.
Lack of data properties of milk in
Tigray region.
Shortage of time to make more
study and analysis.
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Recommendation
Making a research and study on milk
transportation and milk properties depending on
the weather conditions of Ethiopia can bring a
better milk transportation.
It is better to make an analysis and design
rather than simply adapting the existing carts.
Carts (as Tigray is a hilly region) should be
provided with adequate braking systems.
The cart and milk vessel arrangement can be
improved by adapting models and design
features from other countries.
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
Conclusion
In Ethiopia, there is plenty of animal
power that is not yet properly utilized.
Manufacturing, demonstrating and
adapting animal drawn-carts for milk
transportation can solve problems of
milk transportation.
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
By Genanaw Embiale
11/02/23
