1 LABEL THE COLUMNS!!
18
14 15 16 17
2 13
7 8
3 4 5 6 9 10 11 12
I am Dmitri Mendeleev!
I made the PERIODIC TABLE !
What is the PERIODIC
TABLE?
o Shows all known
elements in the
universe.
o Organizes the
elements by
chemical
properties.
Key to the Periodic Table
• Elements are
organized on the
table according to
their atomic
number.
Atomic Number
• This refers to how
many protons an atom
of that element has.
• No two elements,
have the same number
of protons.
Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom
Wave Model
Atomic Mass
• Atomic Mass refers to
the “weight” of the
atom.
• It is derived at by
adding the number of
protons with the
number of neutrons. This is a helium atom. Its atomic
Hmass is 4 (protons plus neutrons).
What is its atomic number?
Valence Electrons
• Valence electrons are
the electrons in the
outer energy level of an
atom.
• These are the electrons
that are transferred or
shared when atoms
bond together.
Rows are called “Periods”
• Periods = rows
• From left to right
• What do elements in a row
have in common?
– the same number of electron
shells
• Every element in Period 1
(1st row) has 1 shell for its
electrons (H & He)
• All of the elements in period
2 have two shells for their
electrons.
• It continues like this all the
way down the table
Columns are called “Groups” or
Families
• Column = group = families
• What do elements in a group have in common?
– same number of valence electrons (electrons in the
outer shell)
• They share similar characteristics with the other
elements in their family.
• Group 1: 1 valence electron
• Group 2: 2 valence electrons
• Group 13: 3 valence electrons
• Group 14: 4 valence electrons
• Group 15: 5 valence electrons
• Group 16: 6 valence electrons
• Group 17: 7 valence electrons
• Group 18: 8 valence electrons except He who has 2
Properties of Metals
• Good conductors of heat
and electricity
• Shiny.
• Ductile (can be stretched
into thin wires)
• Malleable (can be
pounded into thin
sheets)
• A chemical property of
metal is its reaction with
water which results in
corrosion.
Properties of Non-Metals
• Poor conductors of
heat and electricity
• Not ductile or
malleable
• Brittle and break
easily
• Dull
• Many non-metals are
gases.
Sulfur
Properties of Metalloids
• Have properties of both metals
and non-metals
• Solids that can be shiny or dull.
• Conduct heat and electricity better
than non-metals but not as well as
metals.
• They are ductile and malleable.
Silicon
Region: Metals
Group1: Alkalai Metals
• 1 valence
electron
• Very
Reactive
Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
• 2 valence
electrons
• Very
reactive,
but less
than alkali
metals
Groups 3 – 12: Transition Metals
• 1-2 valence
electrons
• Less reactive
than alkaline
earth metals
because they
don’t give away
their electrons
as easily
• Bottom 2 row
are the
Lanthanide &
Actinide series
• Lanthanide Series:
– shiny reactive metals
– Most found in nature
• Actinides Series:
– radioactive and
unstable
– Most are man-made &
not stable in nature
Region: Metalloids
Region: Nonmetals
Group 17: Halogens
• 7 valence
electrons
• Very
reactive
• Nonmetals
Group 18: Noble Gases
8 valence
electrons (except
He which only
has 2)
“Happy” because
their outer
electron shell is
filled!
NON
REACTIVE
(inert)
gases
Nonmetals
Periodic Trends
Periodic Trends
Electronegativity – can be understood
as a chemical property describing an
atom's ability to attract and bind with
electrons. It increases from left to
right across the period and decreases
top to bottom down a group.
Periodic Trends
Periodic Trends
Ionization Energy – is the energy required
to remove an electron from a neutral atom
in its gaseous phase. It increases from left to
right across the period and decreases top to
bottom down a group.
Periodic Trends
Periodic Trends
Electron affinity – is the ability of an
atom to accept an electron. It increases
from left to right across the period and
decreases top to bottom down a group.
Periodic Trends
Atomic radius – is one-half the
distance between the nuclei of two
atoms. It decreases from left to right
across the period and increases top to
bottom down a group.
Periodic Trends
Periodic Trends
Metallic character – can be defined as
how readily an atom can lose an
electron. It decreases from left to right
across the period and increases top to
bottom down a group.
