Chapter 9
Network Management
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Network Management 9-1
Chapter 9 outline
What is network management?
Internet-standard management framework
Structure of Management Information: SMI
Management Information Base: MIB
SNMP Protocol Operations and Transport
Mappings
Security and Administration
ASN.1
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What is network management?
autonomous systems (aka “network”): 1000s of interacting
hardware/software components
other complex systems requiring monitoring, control:
jet airplane
nuclear power plant
others?
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Infrastructure for network management
definitions:
managing entity agent data
managing
entity data managed device
agent data
network
management managed device
protocol agent data
managed device
agent data
agent data
managed device
managed device
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Network management standards
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Chapter 9 outline
What is network management?
Internet-standard management framework
Structure of Management Information: SMI
Management Information Base: MIB
SNMP Protocol Operations and Transport
Mappings
Security and Administration
ASN.1
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SNMP overview: 4 key parts
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Basic Data Types
INTEGER
Integer32
Unsigned32
OCTET STRING
OBJECT IDENTIFIED
IPaddress
Counter32
Counter64
Guage32
Time Ticks
Opaque
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SNMP MIB
MIB module specified via SMI
MODULE-IDENTITY
(100 standardized MIBs, more vendor-specific)
MODULE OBJECT TYPE:
OBJECT TYPE:OBJECT TYPE:
objects specified via SMI
OBJECT-TYPE construct
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SMI: object, module examples
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MIB example: UDP module
Object ID Name Type Comments
1.3.6.1.2.1.7.1 UDPInDatagrams Counter32 total # datagrams delivered
at this node
1.3.6.1.2.1.7.2 UDPNoPorts Counter32 # underliverable datagrams:
no application at port
1.3.6.1.2.1.7.3 UDInErrors Counter32 # undeliverable datagrams:
all other reasons
1.3.6.1.2.1.7.4 UDPOutDatagrams Counter32 # datagrams sent
1.3.6.1.2.1.7.5 udpTable SEQUENCE one entry for each port
in use by app, gives port #
and IP address
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SNMP naming
1.3.6.1.2.1.7.1
ISO udpInDatagrams
ISO-ident. Org. UDP
US DoD MIB2
Internet management
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OSI
Object
Identifier
Tree
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SNMP protocol
Two ways to convey MIB info, commands:
managing managing
entity entity
request
trap msg
response
agent data agent data
managed device managed device
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SNMP protocol: message types
Message type Function
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SNMP protocol: message formats
Get/set header Variables to get/set
PDU Error
Request Error
type Status Name Value Name Value ….
ID Index
(0-3) (0-5)
PDU Trap
type Enterprise Agent Type
Specific Time
Name Value ….
Addr code stamp
4 (0-7)
Trap header Trap info
SNMP PDU
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Network Management 9-17
Chapter 9 outline
What is network management?
Internet-standard management framework
Structure of Management Information: SMI
Management Information Base: MIB
SNMP Protocol Operations and Transport
Mappings
Security and Administration
The presentation problem: ASN.1
Network Management 9-18
The presentation problem
struct { test.code a test.code a
char code; test.x 00000001
int x; 00000011 test.x 00000011
} test; 00000001
test.x = 256;
test.code=‘a’ host 2 format
host 1 format
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A real-life presentation problem:
? ?
? ? ? ?
? ?
Groovy!
grandma 2012 teenager
aging 60’s
hippie
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Presentation problem: potential solutions
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Solving the presentation problem
1. Translate local-host format to host-independent format
2. Transmit data in host-independent format
3. Translate host-independent format to remote-host format
“It is pleasing “It is pleasing
presentation to me!” presentation to me!” presentation
service service service
“Cat’s pajamas!” “Groovy!” “Awesome, dude!”
! ! ! !
! ! ! !
grandma aging 60’s 2012 teenager
hippie
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Tag Value Type
1 Boolean
2 Integer
3 Bitstring
4 Octet string
5 Null
6 Object Identifier
9 Real
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lastname ::= OCTET STRING {weight, 259}
TLV weight ::= INTEGER {lastname, “smith”}
encoding: module of data type
declarations written
instances of data type
specified in module
in ASN.1
example Basic Encoding Rules
(BER)
3
Value, 259
1
Length, 2 bytes 2
Type=2, integer 2
h transmitted
t byte
i stream
Value, 5 octets (chars)
m
s
Length, 5 bytes 5
Type=4, octet string 4
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Network management: summary
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