READING
DEFINITION
Reading is the complex cognitive process of
decoding symbols to derive meaning. It is a form
of language processing. Success in this process is
measured as reading comprehension. Reading is a
means for language acquisition, communication,
and sharing information and ideas.
PURPOSES OF READING
Pleasure and enjoyment.
Practical application.
To obtain an overview.
To locale specific information.
To identify the central idea or theme.
To develop a detailed and critical understanding.
BENEFITS OF READING
Improves brain connectivity.
Increases vocabulary and comprehension.
Empowers to empathize with other people.
Aids in sleep readiness.
Reduces stress.
Lowers blood pressure and heart rate.
Fights depression symptoms.
GATHERING IDEAS & INFORMATION FROM A
GIVEN TEXT
Identify the main claim of the text
Identify the purpose of the text
Identify the context of the text
Evaluating ideas & information
MAIN IDEA OF TEXT
PURPOSE OF TEXT
Entertain – to make the reader enjoy reading.
Persuade – to change a reader's opinion.
Advise – to help people decide what to do.
Analyse – to break down something to help
people to understand it better.
Argue – to make the case for something.
CONTEXT OF TEXT
Context is the background, environment, setting, framework, or
surroundings of events or occurrences. Simply, context means
circumstances forming a background of an event, idea or statement, in
such a way as to enable readers to understand the narrative or a
literary piece. It is necessary in writing to provide information, new
concepts, and words to develop thoughts. Context is all about
providing a background or picture of the situation, and of who is
involved. Context is an essential part of a literary text, which helps to
engage the audience. If writers ignore context, they may overlook a
critical aspect of the story’s intent. Without context, readers may not
see the true picture of a literary work. Context helps readers
understand the cultural, social, philosophical, and political ideas and
movements prevalent in society at the time of the writing
EVALUATION OF TEXT
INTERPRETATION OF TEXT
This final level of reading infers an overall
meaning. We examine features running
throughout the text to see how the discussion
shapes our perception of reality. We examine
what a text does to convey meaning: how
patterns of content and language shape the
portrayal of the topic and how relationships
between those patterns convey underlying
meaning.
SQ3R READING TECHNIQUE
SQRRR or SQ3R is a reading
comprehension method named for its five
steps: survey, question, read, recite, and
review. The method was introduced by Francis
P. Robinson, an American education
philosopher in his 1946 book Effective Study.
SURVEY
The first step, survey, skim, or scan advises that one
should resist the temptation to read the book and instead
first go through a chapter and note the headings, sub-
headings and other outstanding features, such as figures,
tables, marginal information, and summary paragraphs.
This survey step typically only takes 3–5 minutes, but it
provides an outline or framework for what will be
presented. The reader should identify ideas and
formulate questions about the content of the chapter.
QUESTION
Generate questions about the content of the
reading. For example, convert headings and
sub-headings into questions, and then look for
answers in the content of the text. Other more
general questions may also be formulated:
• What is this chapter about?
• What question is this chapter trying to answer?
• How does this information help me?
READ
Use the background work done with "S" and
"Q" in order to begin reading actively. This
means reading in order to answer the questions
raised under "Q". Passive reading, in contrast,
results in merely reading without engaging with
the study material.
RECITE
The second "R" refers to the part known as "Recite."
The reader should try to recite from memory what was learned in the
same manner as telling someone else about the information. It is
important that the reader use their own words in order to formulate
and conceptualize the material. Try recalling and identifying major points
(heading/subheadings) and answers to questions from the "Q" step. This recital step
may be done either in an oral or written format and is related to the benefits of
retrieval (testing effect) in boosting long-term memory for the material.
REVIEW
The final "R" is "Review." Once you reach the
end of the passage, review the material by
repeating back to yourself what the point of the
passage is using your own words. You may then
repeat the process on the second set of
Questions.
SCANNING
Scanning through the text is a reading strategy
that is used for getting some specific points by
looking at the whole text. For highlighting the
important points of a book the readers can
skim through the summary or the preface or
the beginning and end chapters of that book.
For example: This technique is used for looking
up a name from the telephone guidebook.
SKIMMING
This reading technique is used for getting the
gist of the whole text lead. We generally use
this technique at the time of reading a
newspaper or magazine. Under this technique,
we read quickly to get the main points and
skip over the detail. It is useful in getting a
preview of a passage before reading it in detail
or reviving understandings of a passage after
reading it in detail.
ACTIVE READING
Active reading aims to get an in-depth
understanding of the text. Under this technique,
the reader actively involved with the text while
reading it. Getting in-depth knowledge of the
text at hand is not possible by reading to skim
through or scan through the text.
DETAILED READING
This technique is used for extracting information
accurately from the whole text. Under this
technique, we read every word for
understanding the meaning of the text. In this
careful reading, we can skim the text first for
getting a general idea and then go back to read
in detail. We can use a dictionary to find the
meaning of every unfamiliar word.
SPEED READING
Speed-reading is actually a combination of various
reading methods. The aim of speed-reading is basically
to increase the reading speed without compromising
the understanding of the text reading. Some of the
strategies used in speed reading are as follows:
Identifying words without focusing on each letter;
Not to sounding-out all words;
Not sub-vocalizing some phrases;
Spending less time on some phrases than others;
Skimming small sections.
THANK YOU
