Asepsis
JERBIES E. LLAMES, RN
RESIDENT FLORA- microorganism that is
normal in one part of the body, yet produces
infection in another. ex. E. Coli which is
usually present in the large intestine, but
may cause UTI
INFECTION- growth of microorganism in
body tissue where they are not usually
found, also called as infectious agent . if it
does not cause a disease, it is called
asymptomatic or subclinical infection
DISEASE- detectable alteration in normal
tissue function
VIRULENCE- is the ability of the
microorganism to produce a disease
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE- direct or indirect
transmission of infectious agent, or as an
airborne
PATHOGENECITY- is the ability to produce
disease
TRUE PATHOGEN- causes a disease in a
healthy person
OPPURTUNISTC PATHOGEN- causes a
disease only in a susceptible individuals
ASEPSIS- freedom from a disease-causing
microorganism
MEDICAL ASEPSIS- intended to confine a
specific microorganism to a specific area,
limiting the number, growth, and
transmission of microorganims
“clean or dirty”
ASEPSIS- freedom from a disease-causing
microorganism
MEDICAL ASEPSIS- intended to confine a
specific microorganism to a specific area,
limiting the number, growth, and
transmission of microorganims
“clean or dirty”
ASEPSIS- freedom from a disease-causing
microorganism
MEDICAL ASEPSIS- intended to confine a
specific microorganism to a specific area,
limiting the number, growth, and
transmission of microorganims
“clean or dirty”
SURGICAL ASEPSIS- or sterile technique,
means free from all microorganisms,
including the spores. used for procedures
invloving the sterile areas of the body
SEPSIS- condition in which acute organ
dysfunction occurs secondary to infection
TYPES OF MICROORGANISM
THAT CAUSE INFECTION
BACTERIA
VIRUS
FUNGI
PARASITES
BACTERIA
most significant and most common
categorized by
shape : spherical (cocci)
rod shaped (bacilli)
corkscrew (spirochetes)
“
BACTERIA
gram positive, with thick cell wall that resists
decolorization and are stained violet
gram negative, more complex walls and can be
decolorized by an alcohol, do not stain
“
BACTERIA
also characterized base on the need for oxygen
aerobic and anaerobic
“
VIRUS
the smallest, visible only with an electron microscope
AIDS
antibiotics have no effect
antivirals can be used esp during the prodromal stage,
to shorten the full stage of the illness
“
VIRUS
consist primarily of nucleic acid and must enter the
living cells in order to reproduce
rhinovirus(colds), hepatitis, herpes
“
FUNGI
includes yeasts and molds (plant like organisms
candida albicans is a yeast to be normal flora in the
human vagina
present in the air, soil, water
athlete's foot, ring worm and yeast infection
treated with antifungal meds
“
PARASITES
live on the other organism
protozoa such as causing malaria, worms, mites, fleas,
ticks
“
COLONIZATION
strains of
microorg become
resident flora
TYPES OF INFECTION
LOCAL
limited to a small body
part
SYSTEMIC-
spread and damage
differents part of the
body
TYPES OF INFECTION
BACTEREMIA
person's blood reveal
microorganism
SEPTICEMIA
bacteremia that results in
systemic infection
TYPES OF INFECTION
ACUTE
CHRONIC
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
infections that originate in the hospital
may develop during the pts stay in the facility
or after discharge
a sub group of HAIs
microorg may originate from the client themselves
(endogenous) or from the hospital envnmt (exogenous)
IATROGENIC INFECTIONS
infections as a direct result from a diagnostic or
therapeutic procedures
Chain
Of
INFECT
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
The organism's potential to produce a disease in a
person depends on the ff factors:
1. number of organisms
2. virulence of the organims
3. competence of the immune system
4. length and intimacy of the contact between the
person and the microorganism
RESERVOIR
The sources of microorganisms
people are the most common source of infection
carrier is a person or animal reservoir that do not
manifest a clinical sign of a disease
the natural habitat of the organism
animals, soil, food, water, milk
PORTAL OF EXIT FROM RESERVOIR
The point of escape of org from the reservoir
includes the respiratory, GI, and genitourinary,
breaks in the skin, blood and tissue
METHOD OF TRANSMISION
Direct
Indirect
Vehicle borne
vector borne
airborne
PORTAL OF EXIT FROM RESERVOIR
Droplet- as direct transmission, occurs only when
the distance between the source and the host is
within 1 meter (3ft)
sneezing, coughing, spitting, singing or taking can
project a droplet into the conjunctiva or mucous
membrane of the eyes, nose or mouth
greater than 5um, while aairborne is less than
5um.
PORTAL OF ENTRY TO THE SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
the point at which the orgs enter a new host, or it
may die
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
at risk for infection
Compromised host
STAGES OF INFECTION
INCUBATION PERIOD-
interval between the pathogen's invasion of the body and the
apperance of symptoms on infection
orgs are growing and multiplying
lenght varies, ex. colds 1-2 days, tetanus 2-21 days
STAGES OF INFECTION
PRODROMAL STAGE
person is most infectious
early signs and symptoms are present but vague and
nonspecific, ranging from fatigue and malaise
last several hours to days
pt does not realize that he is contagious= spread infection
STAGES OF INFECTION
FULL STAGE
with SPECIFIC S and S
STAGES OF INFECTION
CONVALESCENT PERIOD
the recovery period
DEFENSES VS INFECTION
NONSPECIFIC
protect the person from all microorg, regardless of prior
exposure
SPECIFIC (immune)
directed against indentifiable bacteria, fungi, virus
DEFENSES VS INFECTION
NONSPECIFIC
ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIER
intact skin and mucous menbranes
nasal passages
body orifice
eyes
vagina
DEFENSES VS INFECTION
NONSPECIFIC
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
Inflammation is a local and nonspecific defensove response
of the tissue to an injurious or infectious agent
destroys or dilutes the injurious agent
prevent further spread of the injury
repair of the damaged tissue
DEFENSES VS INFECTION
NONSPECIFIC
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
5 signs
pain (dolor)
swelling (tumor)
redness (rubor)
heat (calor)
impaired function of the part (functio laesa) ,if severe
