Module 10: IPv4 and IPv6

Address Management

Instructor Materials
Networking Essentials (NETESS v2.0)
Instructor Materials – Module 10 Planning Guide

This PowerPoint deck is divided in two parts:

Instructor Planning Guide
• Information to help you become familiar with the module
• Teaching aids
Instructor Class Presentation
• Optional slides that you can use in the classroom
• Begins on slide # 9

Note: Remove the Planning Guide from this presentation before sharing with anyone.

For additional help and resources go to the Instructor Home Page and Course Resources for this
course. You also can visit the professional development site on [Link], the official Cisco
Networking Academy Facebook page, or Instructor Only FB group.

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What to Expect in this Module

Feature Description

Animations Expose learners to new skills and concepts.

Videos Expose learners to new skills and concepts.

Check Your Understanding (CYU) Per topic online quiz to help learners gauge content
understanding.
Labs Labs designed for working with physical equipment.

Packet Tracers Simulation and modeling activities designed to

explore, acquire, reinforce, and expand skills.
Module Quizzes Self-assessments that integrate concepts and skills
learned throughout the series of topics presented in
the module.
Module Summary Briefly recaps module content.

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Check Your Understanding

• Check Your Understanding activities are designed to let students quickly determine if they
understand the content and can proceed, or if they need to review.

• Check Your Understanding activities do not affect student grades.

• There are no separate slides for these activities in the PPT. They are listed in the notes area of the
slide that appears before these activities.

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Module 10: Activities
Page # Activity Type Activity Name Optional?
10.1.1 Video Gateways to Other Networks recommended

10.1.4 CYU Network Boundaries recommended

10.2.1 Video Introduction to NAT recommended

10.2.2 Animation NAT Operation recommended

10.2.3 Packet Tracer Examine NAT on a Wireless Router recommended

10.3.3 Video Compare IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing recommended

10.3.5 CYU IPv4 Issues recommended

10.4.1 Video The Hexadecimal Number System recommended

10.4.2 Video Differences Between IPv4 and IPv6 recommended

10.4.4 Video IPv6 Address Representation recommended

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Module 10: Activities (Cont.)
Page # Activity Type Activity Name Optional?
10.4.6 Interactive Activity IPv6 Address Representation recommended

10.4.7 Lab Identify IPv6 Addresses recommended

10.5.2 Module Quiz IPv4 and IPv6 Address Management Quiz recommended

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Module 10: Best Practices

Prior to teaching Module 10, the instructor should:

• Review the activities and assessments for this module.
• Try to include as many questions/activities as possible to keep students engaged during classroom
presentation.
Topic 10.1
• This is a good time to review default gateway addressing, a commonly misunderstood and
misconfigured part of networking. Obtain drawings from the internet of networks that have IP
addressing as part of them. Call on individuals or let them work in teams to determine what the
default gateway address should be based on the drawing.
• Review how routers connect networks for communication between them.
Topic 10.2
• Be sure to review public and private IP addressing. Emphasize how a company or school might use
10.x.x.x and the company or school down the street also uses 10.x.x.x (or any of the private IP
address ranges).

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Module 10: Best Practices (Cont.)

Topic 10.2 (Cont.)

• Access graphics from the internet that show a network or multiple networks that connect to the
internet. Ask where NAT would be applied. This reinforces the idea of where private addressing ends
and public addressing is required.
Topic 10.3
• Review the exhibit on 10.3.1 that shows when IPv4 exhaustion has occurred.
• Divide the students into three teams and ask them to present one of the three methods used so that
IPv4 and IPv6 can both be used: dual stack, tunneling, and translation.
Topic 10.4
• Have the students use the ipconfig /all command and see the IPv6 address autoconfiguration for
link-local addresses.
• Do Lab 10.4.7 in class in teams.
• Introduce the students to a concept map and have them each do one, share with another student,
and then determine how their concept map might connect or intersect with the other student’s
concept map.

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Module 10: IPv4 and IPv6
Address Management

Networking Essentials (NETESS)

Module Objectives

Module Title: IPv4 and IPv6 Address Management

Module Objective: Explain the principles of IPv4 and IPv6 address management.
Topic Title Topic Objective
Network Boundaries Describe network boundaries.

Network Address Explain the purpose of Network Address Translation in small networks.
Translation
IPv4 Issues Explain why IPv6 addressing will replace IPv4 addressing.

IPv6 Features Explain features of IPv6.

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10.1 Network Boundaries

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Network Boundaries
Video - Gateways to Other Networks

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Network Boundaries
Routers as Gateways

• Routers are used to connect networks.

• Each router interface connects to a separate
network.
• The IPv4 address assigned to the interface is
the default gateway address for all hosts
connected to that same network.
• Hosts commonly get an IPv4 address using
DHCP.

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Network Boundaries
Routers as Boundaries Between Networks

• A wireless router commonly provides IP addressing information for local internal hosts.
• A router that connects to the internet commonly gets addressing information using DHCP from the
internet provider.
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10.2 Network Address
Translation

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Network Address Translation
Video - Introduction to NAT

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Network Address Translation
NAT Operation

• NAT is used to convert private IP

addresses used within a company to a
public (global) address that can be
routed on the internet.
• One public address can be shared
among many private IP addresses
through the use of port numbers.

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Network Address Translation
Packet Tracer – Examine NAT on a Wireless Router

In this activity, you will complete the following objectives:

• Examine NAT configuration on a wireless router.

• Set up 4 PCs to connect to a wireless router using DHCP.
• Examine traffic that crosses the network using NAT.

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10.3 IPv4 Issues

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IPv4 Issues
Need for IPv6

• While NAT has been used to

slow the depletion of IPv4
addresses, NAT creates
latency and has limitations.
• IoT devices are furthering the
need for IPv6 addressing.

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IPv4 Issues
IPv6 Address Size
Number Name Scientific Notation Number of Zeros

1 Thousand 103 1,000

1 Million 106 1,000,000

1 Billion 109 1,000,000,000

1 Trillion 1012 1,000,000,000,000

1 Quadrillion 1015 1,000,000,000,000,000

1 Quintillion 1018 1,000,000,000,000,000,000

1 Sextillion 1021 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

1 Septillion 1024 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

1 Octillion 1027 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

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IPv4 Issues
IPv6 Address Size (Cont.)
Number Name Scientific Notation Number of Zeros
1 Nonillion 1030 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

1 Decillion 1033 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

1 Undecillion 1036 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

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IPv4 Issues
Video - Compare IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing

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IPv4 Issues
IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence

Dual stack allows IPv4 and IPv6 to coexist on the same network segment. Dual stack devices run
both IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks simultaneously. Known as native IPv6, this means the customer
network has an IPv6 connection to its ISP and is able to access content found on the internet over
IPv6.

Dual Stack Routers and PCs

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IPv4 Issues
IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence (Cont.)

Tunneling is a method of transporting an IPv6 packet over an IPv4 network. The IPv6 packet is
encapsulated inside an IPv4 packet, similar to other types of data.

IPv4 Tunnel Between Two Dual

Stack Routers that connect to
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IPv6-only Networks
25
IPv4 Issues
IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence (Cont.)

Tunneling is a method of transporting an IPv6 packet over an IPv4 network. The IPv6 packet is
encapsulated inside an IPv4 packet, similar to other types of data.

NAT64 Router Translating

Between an IPv6-only Network
and an IPv4-only Network

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10.4 IPv6 Features

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IPv6 Features
Video - The Hexadecimal Number System

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IPv6 Features
Video - Differences Between IPV4 and IPv6

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IPv6 Features
IPv6 Autoconfiguration and Link-Local Addresses

• Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) allows a host to create its own internet-routable
IPv6 address without the need for a DHCP server.
• Link-local address is used to communicate with devices on the same IPv6 local network.

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IPv6 Features
Video - IPv6 Address Representation

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IPv6 Features
IPv6 Address Representation

• Omit leading zeros in any 16-bit section

• ODB8 is DB8
• 0000 is 0
• 0200 is 200
• Omit any group of consecutive “all zero” segments and insert a double colon (::)
• Can only use one ::

Fully expanded [Link]

No leading 0s [Link]

Compressed [Link]

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IPv6 Features
Lab - Identify IPv6 Addresses
In this lab, you will complete the following objectives:
• Identify the different types of IPv6 addresses.
• Examine a host IPv6 network interface and address.
• Practice IPv6 address abbreviation.

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10.5 IPv4 and IPv6 Address
Management Summary

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IPv4 and IPv6 Address Management Summary
What Did I Learn in this Module?
• Routers create network boundaries.
• The IP address on a router interface that connects to an internal (inside) network is the default gateway
address for all hosts on that same network.
• The IP address assigned to the internet side of a router such as a wireless router is the external, or
outside, network.
• Network Address Translation (NAT) is used co convert private IP addresses used on an internal
network to a public (global) address that can be routed through the internet.
• With NAT one single public address can be used for many internal hosts.
• Public IPv4 addresses have been scarce for some time.
• An IPv6 address is 128 bits and does not require NAT.
• IPv6 addresses support address autoconfiguration using SLAAC and link-local addresses.
• Two ways of shortening an IPv6 address is to omit the leading zeros and to use a double colon for any
group of consecutive segments that contain all zeros.
• Dual stack allows IPv4 and IPv6 networks to coexist.
• Tunneling is a method used to transport an IPv6 packet over an IPv4 network.
• NAT64 allows IPv6-enabled devices to communicate with IPv4-enabled devices.

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IPv4 and IPv6 Address Management Summary
New Terms and Commands

network boundary
network address translation (NAT)
IPv4 address exhaustion
IPv6 address
hexadecimal
dual stack
tunneling
Translation
address autoconfiguration
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)
link-local address
leading zeros
all zero segment

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