Systema urogenitale
1. Systema urinarium
M.Petrova
REN. Anatomic
terms
1. ren, renis, m kidney
2. ren dexter / sinister
3. calix renalis m pl. calices renales - a
cup-like structure/s in kidneys
4. pyramis renalis f pl. pyramides renales
- renal pyramid/s
5. pelvis renalis f - basinlike, funnel-
shaped structure
6. medulla renalis f - the inner part of the
kidney, distributed into renal pyramids
7. cortex renalis m - the outer layer of
the kidney
8. hilum renale n -the entrance for nerves
and vessels of the kidney
General anatomic
terms
● ureter dexter / sinister m - tube, 41 to 46
cm long, through which the urine passes
from the kidney to the bladder
● vesica urinaria f - urinary bladder
Fundus vesicae urinariae
Corpus vesicae urinariae
Cervix vesicae urinariae
● urethra, ae, f the tubular passage through
which urine is discharged from the bladder
to the exterior of the body.
● urethra feminina f about 4 cm long
● urethra masculina f about 20 cm long
Greek termelements. Anatomic structures
1. -NEPHR-
2. -CALIC-
1. ren, renis, m 3. -PYEL-
2. calyx renalis m 4. -URETER-
5. -CYST-
3. pelvis renalis f
4. ureter, eris, m * cyst- gr. bladder, vesicle is termelement used for
5. vesica urinaria f any structure/organ resembling a bladder; if used
alone means urinary bladder; if used with
6. urethra, ae, f
application of other word element chole-cyst- (gall-
bladder); dacry-cyst- (lacrimal sac) etc. ; it could
also mean a cyst - patholog. sac formation (Cysta
ovarii dextri )
6. -URETHR-
General terms for urine, urination
lat. urina, ae, f = gr. -UR- / UR (o)-.... / ….-UR-ia
● diuresis, is, f (gr. from dia "through" + ourein "urinate") - in bg med. terminology used for the urine 24-
hour volume
● Urinary dysfunctions:
● enuresis, is, f (gr. en- in + ur-esis) - involuntary discharge of urine (enuresis nocturna - discharge during
sleep, bed-wetting)
● syn. lat. incontinentia urinae - unintentional loss of urine (example: incontinentia stressogenes - stress
urinary incontinence (SUI) click)
● ischuria (gr. isch- keep back, hold + ur-ia) - urinary retention; an inability to completely empty the bladder
● urostasis, is, f - stopping of urine (usually inside an organ)
● urosepsis, is, f - sepsis caused by a urogenital tract infection (UTI) click
Urinary dysfunctions
● dys-uria - painful or difficult urination
● stranguria -(gr. stranx -a drop squeezed out) painful, frequent urination of small volumes
● an-uria - absence of urine formation; less than 100 milliliters of urine in 24 h
● olig-uria - (gr. olig- small= lat. parvus, a, um) low output of urine specifically more than 80 ml/24h but less
than 400ml/24 h
● poly-uria - abnormally large production or passage of urine (greater than 2.5 L, or 3 L/24
● nyct-uria - (gr. nyct- night = lat. nox, noctis. f) urination at night
● chromat-uria (gr. chromat- color) abnormal coloration of the urine
Terms for presence of substances in the urine:
● haemat-uria - presence of blood or red blood cells in the urine
● glycos-uria - excretion of glucose into the urine ketonuria - keton bodies in the urine
● protein-uria - presence of excess proteins in the urine bacteriuria - presence of bacteria in urine
NB! substances in the urine …URIA; components of urine in... UR(o)...
● uro-sepsis, ur-aemia - high levels of urea in the blood click
Nephrologia - renal pathological conditions
● hydr-o-nephr-osis - (gr.= hydr-water+nephr-) swelling of the kidneys when urine flow is obstructed
(urostasis) in any part of the urinary tract
● py-o-nephr-osis (gr. py-= lat. pus, puris, n) suppurative destruction of the renal parenchyma, often with
kidney failure
● nephr-o-lithi-asis - (gr. lithus - stone; as in lithographia = lat. calculus ) presence of renal calculi, formation
of kidney stone/s
● * -LITHIASIS (lat. syn. calculus/i) applied as termelement for all calculous diseases click
● nephr-o-scler-osis hardening of the kidney, usually associated with hypertension and disease of the renal
arterioles
● nephr-o-ptosis (gr. ptosis - falling, droppping; med. a sagging or prolapse of an organ or part) downward
displacement of the kidney = Lat. syn. Ren mobilis - “floating, wandering” kidney
● Insufficientia renalis acuta click / Insufficientia renalis chronica click
● Necrosis corticalis (renis) click
● Polycystosis renalis - Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited disorder in which clusters of cysts
develop primarily within kidneys, causing them to enlarge and lose function over time click
Conditions of the urinary tracts, bladder
● ureter-o-lithiasis, is, f - formation or presence of calculi=stones in the ureter
● ureter-ectasia - dilation of the ureter
● mega-ureter - congenital dilatation of the ureter
● hydr-o-ureter - acquired dilation, swelling of the ureter, which always accompanies
hydronephrosis click
● cyst-o-lithiasis, is, f - formation or presence of calculi=stones in the urinary bladder
● cyst-itis, itidis, f - inflammation of urinary bladder (especially female)
● urethr-itis, itidis, f - inflammation of urethra (especially male)
● urethr-a-tres-ia - (gr. a-, not + tresis, a perforation) occlusion or imperforation of the
urethra * atresia, ae, f
