Chapter 2

The Internet and

World Wide Web
Chapter 2 Objectives

Discuss
Discussthe
thehistory
historyofofthe
theInternet
Internet Describe
Describethe
thetypes
typesofofWeb
Websites
sites

Recognize
RecognizehowhowWeb
Webpages
pages
Explain
Explainhow
howtotoaccess
accessand
and use
connect to the Internet use graphics, animation,audio,
graphics, animation, audio,
connect to the Internet video, virtual reality, and plug-ins
video, virtual reality, and plug-ins

Analyze
Analyzean
anIP
IPaddress
address Describe
Describethe
thetypes
typesofofe-commerce
e-commerce

Explain how e-mail, FTP, newsgroups

Identify
Identifythe
thecomponents
componentsofofaaWeb
Webaddress
address and message boards, mailing lists, chat rooms,
and instant messaging work

Explain
Explainthe
thepurpose
purposeofofaaWeb
Webbrowser
browser Identify
Identifythe
therules
rulesofofnetiquette
netiquette

Identify
Identifythe
thesteps
stepsand
andtools
tools
Search
Searchfor
forinformation
informationon
onthe
theWeb
Web required for Web publishing
required for Web publishing

Next
 The Internet
What are some services found on the Internet?
1. E-mail 4. Chat
2. Web 5. Message board
3. File transfer 6. Instant messaging

(1)
(3) (5)
(4)

(2) (6)

p. 68 Fig. 2-1 Next

 History of the Internet
How did the Internet originate?

ARPANET
Networking project by
Pentagon’s Advanced
Research Projects
Goal: Agency (ARPA) Goal:
To allow scientists To function if
at different part of network
locations to share were disabled
information
Became
functional
September 1969

p. 68 Next
 History of the Internet
How has the Internet grown?
Today
More than 150 million host nodes

1984
More than 1,000 host nodes

1969
Four host nodes

p. 69 Next
 History of the Internet
Who controls the Internet?
 No one — it is a public, cooperative, and
c c

independent network
 Several organizations set standards

World Wide Web Internet2 (I2)

Consortium (W3C)  Internet-related research
and development project
 Oversees research, sets
standards and guidelines  Develops and tests advanced
Internet technologies
 Tim Berners-Lee, director

p. 70 Next
 How the Internet Works

How can you connect to the Internet?

Slow-speed
Slow-speed High-speed
High-speed
technology
technology connection
connection
Dial-up
Dial-upaccess
access Digital
Digitalsubscriber
subscriberline
line(DSL),
(DSL),
modem
modem inyour
in cable
computer
your cabletelephone
telephoneInternet
Internet
computer usesaa
uses services
services(CATV),
(CATV),cable
cablemodem
modem
standard
standardtelephone
telephoneline
line provide
provideconnections
connectionsusing
using
totoconnect to the Internet
connect to the Internet regular
regularcopper
coppertelephone
telephonelines
lines
Connection
Connectionmust
mustbebeestablished
established Connection
Connectionisisalways
alwayson—
on—
each
each time you logon.
time you log on. whenever the computer
whenever the computer
Slow but inexpensive
Slow but inexpensive isisrunning
running

p. 70 Next
 How the Internet Works
What are ways to access the Internet?
1. ISP, Regional
or National
2. OSP (AOL and
MSN, for example)
3. Wireless Internet
Service Provider

p. 72 Fig. 2-2 Next

 How the Internet Works
How might data travel the Internet using a
telephone line connection?
Step 5. Regional
Step 1. ISP uses leased
Step 3. Data
Request lines to send data
travels
data to a national ISP
through
from a Step 4. Data
telephone
server on passes
lines to a
Internet through
local ISP
routers Step 6.
Step 2. Modem
converts digital National ISP
signals to analog routes data
signals across the
country

Step 8. Server
sends data Step 7.
back to you National ISP
passes data to
local ISP

p. 73 Fig. 2-3 Next

 How the Internet Works
What is a domain name?
 Text version of Internet protocol (IP) address
 Number that uniquely identifies
each computer or device
connected to Internet

p. 74 Figs. 2-4 – 2-5 Next

 The World Wide Web
What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?

A worldwide collection of electronic documents

Also called the Web

Each electronic document is called a Web page

Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and built-in connections

A Web site is a collection of related Web pages

p. 75 Next
 The World Wide Web
What is a Web browser?
 Program that allows you to view Web pages

Microsoft
Internet
Explorer
Netscape

Mozilla

p. 75 Next
 The World Wide Web
How can you establish a connection and start the
Web browser?
Step 2.
If necessary,
connect to the
Internet

Step 1.
Click the Web browser
program name Step 3.
Connection to the
Internet occurs, and a
home page displays

p. 75 Fig. 2-6 Next

 The World Wide Web
What is a home page?
 The first page that a Web site presents
 Often provides connections to other Web pages

p. 76 Fig.2-1a Next
 The World Wide Web
How do handheld computers and
cellular telephones access the Web?
 Use a microbrowser
that displays Web
pages that contain
mostly text
 Must be Web-enabled

p. 76 Fig. 2-7 Next

 The World Wide Web
What is downloading?
 The process of a computer receiving information
 Depending upon connection speed, downloading can
take from a few seconds to several minutes

p. 76 Next
 The World Wide Web
What is a URL?
Unique address for a
Web page
A web server delivers the
Web page to your
computer

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 2, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Web Addresses
below Chapter 2
p. 76 Fig. 2-8 Next
 The World Wide Web
What is a hyperlink (link)?
 Built-in connection to another related
Web page location
 Item found elsewhere
on same Web page
 Different Web page
at same Web site
 Web page at a different
Web site

Click to view animation

p. 77 Next
 The World Wide Web
How can you recognize links?
 Pointer changes to a small hand
when you point to
a link
 A link can be text
or an image
 Text links are
usually underlined
and in a different
color

p. 78 Fig. 2-9 Next

 The World Wide Web
What is a search engine?
 Program used to find
Web sites and Web
pages by entering
words or phrases
called search text
 Also called a keyword

p. 78 Fig. 2-10 Next

 The World Wide Web
What is a hit?
 Any Web site name that is listed as the result of a search
Step 2.
Select type of
search you want
to run

Step 1. Go to search engine Step 3. View hits

Step 4.
Click
link to view
Web site
p. 79 Fig. 2-11 Next
 The World Wide Web
What is a subject directory?
 Search tool with organized set of topics and subtopics
 Lets you find information by clicking links rather than
entering keywords

p. 80 Fig. 2-12 Next

 The World Wide Web
What are the eight basic types of Web sites?
 Portal
 News
 Informational
 Business/marketing
 Educational
 Entertainment
 Advocacy
 Personal

p. 80 Fig. 2-13 Next

 The World Wide Web
What is a portal?
 A Web site that offers a variety of services from one,
convenient location, usually for free
 Searching, sports, e-mail,

news, weather, auctions,

Web communities
(Web sites that join
people with similar
interests)

p. 82 Fig. 2-13a Next

 The World Wide Web
What is a news Web site?
 Contains newsworthy material
 Stories and articles relating to current events, life,
money, sports, and weather

p. 82 Fig. 2-13b Next

 The World Wide Web
What is an informational Web site?
 Contains factual information
 Created by organizations and government agencies

p. 82 Fig. 2-13c Next

 The World Wide Web
What is a business/marketing Web site?
 Contains content that promotes products
 Allows you to purchase products or services online

p. 82 Fig. 2-13d Next

 The World Wide Web
What is an educational Web site?
 Offers avenues for formal and informal teaching
and learning
 Some companies
offer online training
for employees
 Some colleges offer
online classes and
degrees

p. 82 Fig. 2-13e Next

 The World Wide Web
What is an entertainment Web site?
 Offers an interactive environment featuring music,
video, sports, games, and more

p. 83 Fig. 2-13f Next

 The World Wide Web
What is an advocacy Web site?
 Contains content that describes a cause, opinion,
or idea

p. 83 Fig. 2-13g Next

 The World Wide Web
What is a personal Web site?
 Web page maintained by private individual
 Reasons: sharing life experience with the world
or job hunting

Click to view animation

p. 83 Fig. 2-13h Next

 The World Wide Web
What is multimedia?
 Application integrating text with other media elements
 Graphics
 Animation
 Audio
 Video
 Virtual reality

p. 83 Fig. 2-15 Next

 The World Wide Web
What graphics formats are used on the Web?

BMP JPEG
JPEG PNG
PNG
BMP (pronounced
(pronouncedJAY-peg)
JAY-peg) (pronounced
(pronouncedping)
ping)

GIF
GIF PCX TIFF
(pronounced PCX TIFF
(pronouncedJIFF)
JIFF)

p. 84 Fig. 2-16 Next

 The World Wide Web
What is a thumbnail?
 Small version of a larger
graphic image —used to
c

improve Web page display

time
 Usually click
on thumbnail to
display larger
image

p. 85 Fig. 2-17 Next

 The World Wide Web
What is animation?
 Appearance of motion created by
displaying a series of still images
in sequence

p. 85 Next
 The World Wide Web

What is audio?
 Music, speech, or any other sound
 Individual compressed sound files
that you download from the Web to
your computer
 Common Web audio file formats are
MP3, WAV, WMA (Windows Media
Audio), MPEG, RealAudio, and
QuickTime
 Once downloaded, you can play
(listen to) the contents of the files

p. 86 Fig. 2-18 Next

 The World Wide Web
What is streaming audio?
 Transfers data in a
continuous and even flow
 Enables you to listen
to the sound as it
downloads to your
computer
 Radio stations use
streaming audio to
broadcast over the Web
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 2, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Streaming Media
below Chapter 2
p. 87 Fig. 2-19 Next
 The World Wide Web
What is video?
 Consists of full-motion images with sound
played back at various speeds
 MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group)
is popular video compression
standard

p. 88 Fig. 2-20 Next

 The World Wide Web
What is virtual reality (VR)?
 Use of computers to simulate real or imagined
environment
 Appears as a three dimensional (3-D) space
 Used for games and many
practical applications

p. 88 Fig. 2-21 Next

 The World Wide Web
What are plug-ins?
 Programs that
extend the
capability of
a browser
 You can
download many
plug-ins at no
cost from various
Web sites
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 2, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Plug-ins
below Chapter 2
p. 89 Fig. 2-22 Next
 Electronic Commerce
What is e-commerce?
 Short for electronic commerce
 Business transaction that occurs over
the Internet

Business to consumer (B2C)

Sale of goods to general public

Consumer to consumer (C2C)

Click to view video
One consumer sells directly to another

Business to business (B2B)

Business providing goods and
Click to view Web Link, services to other businesses
click Chapter 2, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click E-commerce
below Chapter 2
p. 90 Fig. 2-23 Next
 Other Internet Services
What is e-mail?
 Short for electronic mail
 The transmission of messages and files via a computer
network
 Messages can consist of simple text or can contain attachments,
such as documents, graphics, or audio/video clips
 Internet access providers usually provide an e-mail program
 Some Web sites—such as MSN Hotmail and Yahoo!—provide
free e-mail services
 One of the original services on the Internet

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 2, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click E-Mail
below Chapter 2
p. 91 Next
 Other Internet Services
How do you send an e-mail message?
Step 2.
Step 1. Click the New Mail Message button
Start an e-mail
program
(Microsoft
Outlook, for
example)

Step 3.
Enter the recipient’s
e-mail address, the
subject, and the
message

Step 5.
The recipient opens the
message Step 4.
Click the Insert file button if
you want to attach a picture, for
p. 92 Fig. 2-24 example, and click Send Next
 Other Internet Services
What is an e-mail address?
 Unique name that consists of a user name and domain
name that identifies the user

p. 93 Fig. 2-25 Next

 Other Internet Services
How does an e-mail message travel?
Step 1.
Using e-mail
software, you
create and send
message

Step 2.
Your software
contacts software Step 4.
on your ISP’s When recipient uses
outgoing mail e-mail software to check
server for e-mail messages, the
message transfers from
incoming mail server to
recipient’s computer

Step 3.
Software on outgoing mail server
determines best route for data and sends
message, which travels along Internet
p. 94 Fig. 2-26 Next
routers to recipient’s incoming mail server
 Other Internet Services
What is FTP?
 File Transfer Protocol—Internet standard that allows
you to upload and download files with other computers
on the Internet

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 2, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click FTP
below Chapter 2
p. 95 Fig. 2-27 Next
 Other Internet Services
What are newsgroups and message boards?
 Newsgroup
 Online area where users discuss a particular subject
 Message board
 Type of discussion group
 Many Web sites use
message boards
because they are
easier to use

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 2, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Newsgroups and
Message Boards
below Chapter 2
p. 95 Fig. 2-28 Next
 Other Internet Services
What is a mailing list?
 Group of e-mail
addresses given a single
name
 When a message is sent
to the mailing list,
everyone on the list
receives the message
 To add your name to a mailing
list you must subscribe to it; to
remove your name you must
unsubscribe
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 2, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Mailing Lists
below Chapter 2
p. 97 Fig. 2-29 Next
 Other Internet Services
What is a chat?
 Real-time typed conversation
that takes place on a computer
 Chat room is location on
server that permits users
to discuss topics of interest

Click to view video

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 2, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Chat Rooms
below Chapter 2
p. 98 Fig. 2-30 Next
 Other Internet Services
What is instant messaging (IM)?
 A real-time Internet communications service that notifies you when
one or more people are online and allows you to exchange messages or
files
Step 2.
The server determines if any of your
Step 1. established friends, family, or
Login to the IM coworkers, called buddies, are online
server
IM Server

Step 3.
You send instant
messaging Server
messages to an
online buddy

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 2, Click Web Link Step 4.
from left navigation, Your Instant Message travels
then click Instant Messaging through a messaging server and
below Chapter 2 then to the online buddy
p. 98 Fig. 2-31 Next
 Netiquette
What is netiquette?
 Code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while
on the Internet

Golden Rule: Treat others as

you would like them to treat you.

p. 100 Next
 Web Publishing
What is Web publishing?
 Development and maintenance of Web pages

Step 2.
Step 1. Analyze and
Plan the design the
Web site Web site

Step 3.
Create the
Web site
Step 5.
Maintain
the Web site

Step 4.
Deploy the
Web site

p. 100 Fig. 2-33 Next

Summary of the Internet and World Wide Web

History
Historyof
ofthe
theInternet
Internet

Other
OtherInternet
Internetservices
services
How
Howto
toaccess
accessand
andconnect
connect
to
tothe
theInternet
Internet
Netiquette
Netiquette
The
TheWorld
WorldWide
WideWeb
Web
Web
Webpublishing
publishing
Electronic
Electroniccommerce
commerce

Chapter 2 Complete