Understanding Globalization

Abbie Dale A. Goyal, LPT, MAEd

 Definition Significance

Table of Perspectives Characteristics

Contents. Metaphors Dimensions

How do you see the
world today?
Perspective from a student
Word
Relation…
When you encounter the word
“Globalization,” what comes
to mind?
Definition and
Significance
How do we define globalization? Why do we need to study it?
 Definition

Globalization centered on the integration Is the definition wrong or

and expansion of the world economies
into a more coherent process that correct? Exclusive or
facilitates the transfer of goods and inclusive? Narrow or
services from the developed to the
developing countries of the world. broad?
 Definition

Globalization centered on the integration This only shows a one-

and expansion of the world economies
into a more coherent process that dimensional approach
facilitates the transfer of goods and encompassing the
services from the developed to the
developing countries of the world. dimension of economics.
 What is globalization?

“globalization is quintessentially ambiguous, thus

creating an accumulation of confusion rather than an
accumulation of knowledge” (Van Der Bly, 2005)
Defining Globalization

The literature on the definitions of

globalization revealed that definitions
could be classified as either
(1) broad and inclusive; or
(2) narrow and exclusive.
 Ohmae (1992) Robert Cox (2000)

“the characteristics of the globalization trend

include the internationalizing of production,
the new international division of labor, new
"... globalization means the onset of the migratory movements from South to North,
borderless world... ” the new competitive environment that
accelerates these processes, and the
internationalizing of the state... making states
into agencies of the globalizing world”

broad and inclusive narrow and exclusive

Investigate-Quad-Share: Defining
Globalization
1. Gather 5 definitions of GLOBALIZATION
from various sources and AUTHORS. Please
limit the use of dictionary definitions. List their
definitions in a table. Below it, analyze these
definitions by identifying the general theme of
their definition, similarities, and differences.
2. Get ready for a presentation at the next meeting.
 What is globalization?

many scholars gave and tried to formulate its definitions. This resulted in
different, sometimes contradicting views about the concept, it
cannot be contained within a specific time frame, all people, and all
situations (Al-Rhodan, 2006)
 Why define globalization?

1. The perspective of the person who defines globalization shapes its

definition.
2. Globalization is the debate, and the debate is globalization. (Cesare
Poppi)
3. Globalization is a reality.
Definitions of
Globalizations
 Construction of Definition of Globalization
Technological
Dimension
Ecological
Dimension

Multi-dimensional
Political approach
Dimension

Social
Dimension

Economic One-dimensional
Dimension approach

Empirical Condition Process

 Situation
Lorenz is a college student. He drinks Milo with his usual corned beef, egg, and rice for
breakfast every school day. While eating, he watches Cartoon Network on cable TV to
make his morning light. Afterward, he rushes to brush his teeth using Colgate. Then, he is
good to go. Once inside the university campus, he sends an I-am-at-school message to his
mom using his new iPhone X. Likewise, he sends his “Hi” message to his special friend
via his Samsung Galaxy S9. More so, Lorenz and his friends love to wear Vans shoes and
use Vans schoolbags. They love to hang out in their favorite fast food store, McDonalds,
and happily eat their favorite burger, chicken nuggets, and Coke float. He talks to his dad,
who works in Dubai via Skype, on Mondays, Thursdays, and Saturdays.
 What is globalization?

“globalization refers to the expanding scale, growing

magnitude, speeding up and deepening impact of
interregional flows and patterns of social interaction.”
(David Held & Anthony McGrew, 2003)
 What is globalization?

“globalization pertains to the intensification of world-

wide social relations which connects distant localities in
such a way that local happenings are shaped by events
occurring many miles away and vice versa.” (Anthony
Giddens, 2003)
 What is globalization?

“globalization pertains to the multidimensional set of social

processes that create multiply, stretch, and intensify worldwide
social interdependencies and exchanges while at the same time
fostering in people a growing awareness deepening connections
between the local and the distant.” (Manfred Steger, 2003)
 What is globalization?

“globalization is composed of two directional tendencies that

include increasing global connectivity and increasing
global consciousness.” (Roland Robertson & Kathleen
White, 2007)
 What is globalization?

“...globalization refers to processes “Globalization is the latest stage in a long

whereby many social relations become accumulation of technological advance which
relatively delinked from territorial has given human beings the ability to conduct
their affairs across the world without
geography, so that human lives are
reference to nationality, government
increasingly played out in the world as authority, time of day or physical
a single place.” environment.”
- Jan Aart Scholte - Richard Langhorne
 What is globalization?

“Globalization refers to processes “As cultural process, globalization names the explosion
of a plurality of mutually intersecting, individually
whereby social relations acquire syncretic, local differences; the emergence of new,
relatively distanceless and borderless hitherto suppressed identities; and . The expansion of a
world-wide media and technology culture with the
qualities, so that human lives are promise of popular democratization. As economic
increasingly played out in the world as process...the assimilation or integration of markets, of
a single place.” labor, of nations.”
- Fredric Jameson
- Jari Aart Sicholte
 What is globalization?

“Globalization—however the word is The world-wide interconnectedness between nation-states

becomes supplemented by globalization as a process in which
understood—implies the weakening of basic social arrangements (like power, culture, markets, politics,
rights, values, norms, ideology, identity, citizenship, solidarity)
state sovereignty and state structures.” become disembedded from their spatial context (mainly the
- Ulrich Beck nation-state) due to the acceleration, massification,
flexibilisation, diffusion and expansion oftransnational flows of
people, products, finance, images and information. ” (italics in
original)
- H. J. J. G. Beerkens
 Why do we need to study globalization?

1. Globalization is everywhere
2. Encourages unity and harmony among several state and
non-state actors
3. Enhances consciousness on global community
4. Facilitates the linkages or connections of different
institutions in the global community
 Why do we need to study globalization?

5. Provides an understanding on the nature of competition in the global

community
6. Bridges the differences among the local communities of the
contemporary world
7. Provides an avenue to appreciate the changes and developments that
are sweeping the international community
Characteristics, Perspectives,
and Metaphors of Globalization
Characteristics of Globalization
1. The increased depth of economic integration
or interdependence in the world economy as a
whole. Increased depth here usually refers to
the integration of different parts of the world
and different working populations in the world
in the process of economic production itself
(Dicken 2003).
2. The central role played by electronic means of
communication and information transmission
in facilitating this new deep integration of the
world economy.
3. The much increased importance of global
markets in both money and capital in the
world economy as a whole (Thurow 1996).
4. The historically unprecedented scale of
international population migration
occurring in the world economy in
response (primarily) to new work
opportunities created by the development
of a genuinely global economy.
5. Sharply increased economic inequalities both
within and between different parts of the globe
occurring primarily as a result of the very social
and spatial "unevenness" of the globalization
process.
6. The ineluctable spread of a single, materialistic,
consumerist culture driven by the Western-
dominated global mass media (including both the
Internet and television), which in the early
twenty-first century forms dominant images of
the desirable or good life everywhere on the
globe (Castells 1996).
5. The more or less rapid weakening of the political power
of the nation-state in the global economy, a weakening
shown by the reduced ability of such states to control
crucial economic variables that determine the welfare and
standards of living of their populations (Martin and
Schumann 1997).

6. Enhanced cultural and political conflicts in the world

caused both by the increasing intermingling of culturally
diverse populations in states receiving ever-larger
numbers of global labor migrants, and by the so-called
clash of cultures or civilizations in different parts of the
world, a clash in part produced by the very information
and communications revolution
Perspectives on Globalization
The Perspectives According to Hayden and
El-Ojeili (2006)

Globalists Traditionalists Transformationalist

 Globalists Perspective

1. Globalization is an inevitable social process that is certain to

affect the different local communities
2. It highlights the primacy of a global economy that builds
upon the inevitable integration of several economies.
Factors in the integration of national economies

Greater
Economic
Inter-
dependence

Hastens and
Globalization
Rise of Multi- influences
National
Corporations

Movement of goods and

Capital services beyond borders
Mobility
 Traditionalists Perspective

1. Globalization is a myth, not a significant event

2. Globalization is no different from the other events that
transpired in the past
3. Individual states continue to dominate the contemporary
world
 Transformationalists Perspective

1. Globalization is a process that introduces a number of

significant changes in different dimensions (economics,
politics, social, culture, and technology).
2. Globalizations in different dimensions happen in different
paces
Metaphors of Globalization
● Solidity - People, things, information, and
places “harden” over time and therefore have
limited mobility.
● people either did not go anywhere or they did
not venture very far from where they were
born and raised;
● their social relationships were restricted to
those who were nearby;
● since people didn’t move very far, neither did
information
solidity describes a world in which
barriers exist and are erected to
prevent the free movement of all
sorts of things.
● Liquidity - Increasing ease of movement of
people, things, information, and places in the
global age.
● once seemed so solid has tended to “melt” and
become increasingly liquid;
● Solid material realities (people, cargo,
newspapers) continue to exist, but because of
a wide range of technological developments
(in transportation, communication, the
Internet, and so on) they can move across the
globe far more readily.
Liquid phenomena do not easily, or
for long, hold their shape. Thus, the
myriad liquid phenomena
associated with globalization are
hard-pressed to maintain any
particular form and, even if they
acquire a form, it is likely to change
quite
quickly.
Liquid phenomena not only move
easily, but once they are on the
move
they are difficult to stop.
• foreign trade, investment, and
global financial transactions
• globality of transactions and
interactions in Internet
• difficulty in halting the global flow
of drugs, pornography, the
activities of organized crime etc.
Liquid tends to melt whatever
(especially solids) stands in its
path.
• Ex: decline of the nation-state
and its borders in the era of
increasing global flows
● Gaseousness - Hyper-mobility of people,
things, information, and places in the global
age
● Gases are lighter than liquids and therefore
they move even more easily than as liquids;
● much of the information now available
virtually instantly around the world wafts
through the air in the form of signals beamed
off satellites.
Undoubtedly because of their
immateriality, ideas, images,
and information, both legal
(blogs) and illegal (e.g. child
pornography), flow (virtually)
everywhere through
interpersonal contact and the
media, especially now via the
Internet
Leaked Windows 11
Dimensions of Globalization
Dimensions of Globalization
What are the dimensions of Globalization
do we need to examine and analyze?
 Dimensions of Globalization

Political Social Economic Technological Ecological

Prepare for a short quiz (25 pts)
 Thank You
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