BEHAVIOR OF QUARTER 4

GASES – MODULE 1
 MOST ESSENTIAL
LEARNING
COMPETENCY
Investigate the relationship between volume and
pressure at constant temperature of a gas.
Investigate the relationship between volume and
temperature at constant pressure of a gas.
Explains these relationships using the kinetic
molecular theory. (S9MT-IIj-20)
FIVE MAJOR
VARIABLES
 BOYLE’S LAW
Boyle’s law states that there is an inverse relationship
between the pressure exerted on a quantity of gas and its
volume if the temperature is held constant.
This relationship between pressure and volume of a gas
was first shown in 1662 by Robert Boyle.
He found that if the pressure on a sample of gas is increased, the volume
occupied by the gas will decrease proportionally.
This means that if the pressure is doubled, the volume is
halved, and if the pressure is halved, the volume is doubled.
 BOYLE’S LAW
As stated earlier, if the pressure is doubled, the
volume would have to be one-half, in order for P times
V to remain constant. The value of the constant, k,
depends on the temperature and volume of the gas.
Boyle’s law may also be expressed as:
P1V1 = P2V2
where P stands for pressure while V stands for Volume.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1.1
A sample of gas occupies a volume of 0.225 L
at a pressure of 0.7 atm and a temperature of
20.0˚C. Calculate the new pressure if the
volume is increased to 0.35 L, at constant
temperature.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1.2
The inflated balloon that slipped from the hand
of Renn has a volume of 0.50 L at sea level
(1.0 atm) and it reached a height of
approximately 8 km where the atmospheric
pressure is approximately 0.33 atm. Assuming
that the temperature is constant, compute for
the final volume of the balloon.
 SPRAY PAINT
This liquefied gas has a boiling point far below
room temperature. Because the can is sealed, the
gas is prevented from boiling and turning into a
gas. That is, until you push down the nozzle.
The moment the nozzle of a spray paint can
goes down, the seal is broken and the propellant
instantly boils, expands into a gas, and pushes
down on the paint. Under the high pressure, the
paint is forced out of the nozzle as it attempts to
reach an area with lower pressure.
 SYRINGE
When you pull the plunger out on
a syringe, it causes the volume
within the chamber to increase.
As we know, this causes the
pressure to do the opposite, which
then creates a vacuum. When a
syringe is empty, the vacuum
within the chamber sucks fluid in
through the needle.
 SODA CAN OR BOTTLE
Typically when we open a bottle of soda, we slowly
turn the cap to allow the air to escape before we
completely remove the lid. We do this because
we've learned over time that twisting it open too fast
causes it to fizz up and spill all over. This happens
because the liquid is pumped full of carbon dioxide,
causing it to bubble up as the CO2 makes its escape.
A soda bottle is filled, it is also pressurized. Much
like the aerosol can mentioned earlier, when you
slowly open the cap, the gas is able to increase its
volume and the pressure decreases.
 DIRECTION: FIND FOR THE UNKNOWN IN
EACH PROBLEM BELOW. SELECT YOUR
ANSWER FROM THE CHOICES BELOW.

1. A given mass of hydrogen occupies 40.0 L at 0.6 atm pressure. If

the volume turns to 12 L, how much is the pressure?
2. What volume will 2.50 L of a gas occupy if the pressure is changed
from 0.9 atm to 0.6 atm?
3. A scuba diver needs a diving tank in order to provide breathing gas
while he is underwater. How much pressure is needed for 6.0 L of gas
at 1.01 atmospheric pressure to be compressed in a 3.0 L cylinder?
 DIRECTION: FIND FOR THE UNKNOWN IN
EACH PROBLEM BELOW. SELECT YOUR
ANSWER FROM THE CHOICES BELOW.

4. A sample of oxygen gas O2 has a volume of 9 L and a

pressure of 2 atmosphere. What is its final pressure if the
volume is decreased to 3 liters?
 CONVERT THE FOLLOWING TEMPERATURE
READINGS FROM CELSIUS TO KELVIN. USE
THE FORMULA: K = 0C + 273.
Example:
Convert 60 ° C to Kelvin
60 ° C + 273 = 333 K
1. 25°C
2. 76 ° C
3. -31 ° C
4. -54 ° C
5. 10.5 ° C
 CHARLES’ LAW
The effect of temperature on the volume of a gas was observed in about 1787
by the French physicist Jacques Charles (1746-1823). Charles’ law states that
at constant pressure the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its
absolute temperature.
V∞T
which means that the volume of a gas varies directly with the absolute
temperature when the pressure remains constant. In equation form, Charles’
law may be written as
V = kT or
where k is a constant for a fixed mass of the gas. If the absolute temperature
of a gas is doubled, the volume will double.
 CHARLES’ LAW
Another equation relating the volume of a gas at two different
temperatures is:
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2.1
Hydrogen gas with the volume of 3.0 L at temperature
of -20 ° C is allowed to warm to a room temperature of
27 ° C. What is the volume at room temperature if the
pressure remains constant?
Hint: Convert the temperature to Kelvin (K = ° C +
273)
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2.2
Under constant pressure condition, a sample of hydrogen
gas initially at 85 ° C and 7.2 L is cooled until its final
volume is 4.1 L. What is its final temperature?
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2.3
A mountain climber inhales 580 ml of air at temperature
of -10°C. What volume (in L) will the air occupy in the
mountain climber’s lungs if his body temperature is 37°C
assuming that the pressure remains the same? (Note: 1 L
= 1000 mL)
 DIRECTION: SOLVE FOR THE UNKNOWN IN
EACH PROBLEM BELOW. CHOOSE THE CORRECT
ANSWER FROM THE OPTIONS INSIDE THE BOX.

1. A sample of neon gas at 1 atmosphere has a volume of

15 L and a temperature of 32°C. Find the final volume of
the gas after the temperature is increased to 73°C.
2. A certain type of gas with a volume of 0.13 L is
measured with a temperature of 38°C. If the pressure
remains constant, what will be the volume of the gas at
10°C?
 DIRECTION: SOLVE FOR THE UNKNOWN IN
EACH PROBLEM BELOW. CHOOSE THE CORRECT
ANSWER FROM THE OPTIONS INSIDE THE BOX.

3. A sample of a gas has a volume of 0.078 L at 45°C. If the volume

increases to 0.2 L, what will be the temperature of the sample of gas?
4. A 0.24 L volume of a gas is collected within a temperature of 60°C.
What would be the temperature of this sample of gas if it occupies 0.1 L?
5. A mountain climber inhales 580 ml of air at temperature of -10°C.
What volume (in L) will the air occupy in the mountain climber’s lungs
if his body temperature is 37°C assuming that the pressure remains the
same? (Note: 1 L = 1000 mL)
 HELIUM BALLOON
If you have had the chance to go out on a chilly day, you might
have noticed that the balloon crumbles. However, if you take
the balloon to a warm room, it regains its shape.
This happens because the temperature on a cold day is low,
and, so, the volume decreases. Now, in accordance with the
Charles’ Law, as soon as you enter a warm room, the
temperature increases; with an increase in temperature, the
volume also increases. Therefore, the balloon goes back to its
original shape.
 PINGPONG BALL
In case you play Ping Pong, chances are that you might have
frequently come across a dented Ping Pong ball. How have you
troubleshot such situation? You might have let your Ping Pong
ball float on warm water for some time. Have you ever
wondered why you do so? When you let your ball float on hot
water, the temperature of the air inside the ball also increases;
which, in turn, leads to an increase in the volume of the gas.
Therefore, the shape of the ball is restored.
 POOL FLOAT
The pool floats forms yet another real-life example of
Charles’ Law. You might have observed that after you
inflate a pool float and push it into the pool, it seems a
bit under-inflated. This is not because of any leak in the
float. However, this happens because the temperature of
the water in the pool is low, which reduces the volume of
the air inside.
 HOT AIR BALLOON
You might have wondered about the working of the hot
air balloon. Charle’s Law describes that temperature and
volume are directly proportional to each other. When a
gas is heated, it expands. As the expansion of the gas
takes place, it becomes less dense and the balloon is
lifted in the air. The warm is less dense than the cold air,
which means that it is lighter than the cold air. Also, the
warm air has less mass per unit volume.
 • A gas is highly compressible. When pressure is exerted on the gas, its
volume decreases dramatically.
• A gas expands as the temperature is increased. This is true when
pressure remains the same. As it expands, it fills any container, unlike the
volume of solids and liquids that could only expand to a smaller extent.
• A gas flows easily. The low viscosity of a gas allows it to flow through
pipes more freely than liquids and enables it to escape quickly through
tiny holes or small openings.
• A gas has lower density than solids and liquids. The density of steam is
1/1000 the density of water.
• All gases are miscible. When gases are placed in a container, their
particles mix evenly and completely with each other.
 KINETIC
MOLECULAR
THEORY
1. A gas consists of very small particles. The particles are in constant,
random, and straight-line motion.
This kind of motion of gas particles causes a gas to fill the entire volume
of container. This explain the spreading of odor of perfume and cologne
and the aroma of food reaching your nose. Thus, they can be smelled
even from distances. In addition, you can easily notice the characteristics
smell of the LPG emanating from the tank, which indicates leaking of
the flammable gas. In reality, LPG is odorless. However, the
manufacturers added a substance that gives it a characteristics smell for
easy detection of leakage. These are evidences of the ability of gases to
diffuse or spread into different directions.
 KINETIC
MOLECULAR
2. The particles of a THEORY
gas are separated by relatively large
distances.
Molecules of gases when squeezed tend to come closer,
reducing their volume considerably. This is best illustrated by
the safety airbags installed in automobiles as shock absorber.
This illustrates a property of gases known as compressibility.
 KINETIC
MOLECULAR
THEORY
3. The gas particles collide with each other and with the walls of the container in a
perfectly elastic manner. After each collision, the total energy of the system is the
same.
The collision of the particles with each other and with the walls of the container does
not change the kinetic energy of the particles. Also, collisions of particles with the
walls exert a force that constitutes pressure. This shows that gases exert pressure
because the particles collide with each other and with the walls of the container where
they are placed. These collisions are said to be perfectly elastic because the total
energy of the system remains constant, which means that no energy is lost. Thus, gas
particles never stop from colliding and do not settle upon standing. What do you think
will happen when collisions between gas particles are inelastic? Theoretically, if the
gas particles lose energy after each collision, there will come a time when all the
energy of the particles will be used up and therefore they will cease moving.
 KINETIC
MOLECULAR
THEORY
4. The average kinetic energy of the gas particles is proportional to the
absolute (kelvin) temperature.
As the temperature increases, the gas particles move faster. At higher
temperatures, the collision of the gas particles with the walls of the container
becomes more often and with more force, thus producing greater pressures.
Gas particles have higher kinetic energy at higher temperature and lower
kinetic energy at lower temperature. This sounds complex but you may think
about it this way: when you heat a pot of water, the molecules start moving
really fast, then they escape from the pot or boil off. The movement of the
molecules is an indication of its kinetic energy. As the temperature goes up, the
molecules move faster because the kinetic energy becomes higher. The more
the heat there is, the higher the kinetic energy, the faster the molecules move.
 KINETIC
MOLECULAR
THEORY
5. The force of attraction among gas particles is negligible.
This is due to the large distances between the gas particles. The
farther the particles are from each other, the weaker is the
attraction between them. This enables gas particles to move
freely and to diffuse in all directions.
 KINETIC
MOLECULAR
6. Gases have mass. THEORY
Most particles in gases are molecules like H2 and CO2 but there
are also those which are made up of single atoms like He and Ar.
As you have noticed, stocks of basketballs on sale are usually
deflated so as to save space and to be carried easily when sold. If
you are going to weigh this deflated basketball and weigh again
after you have pumped air into it just enough to make it bounce,
there will be an increase in mass, which will correspond to the
mass of the air you pumped into the ball. This simply shows that
air particles have mass.