NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
LEC-1
FIRE FIGHTING
LEC-2-Installation Requirement
AHMED SHERBINY
YOUTUBE CHANNEL : FIRE TECH.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
LEC-1
NFPA-15
Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire
Protection
2022 Edition
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.1.2* Electrical Clearances.
[Link] All system components
shall be located so as to maintain
minimum electrical clearances
from live parts.
[Link] The electrical clearances in
Table [Link] shall apply to
altitudes of (1000 m) or less
(Link)
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.2 Water Spray Nozzles.
6.2.1* Selection.
[Link] Open water spray nozzles shall be used.
[Link] Automatic nozzles shall be permitted where positioned and located so as to provide satisfactory
performance with respect to activation time and distribution.
A.6.2.1 Water spray systems are usually applied to special fire protection problems beyond the capability of a standard
sprinkler system. These systems typically require that the water be applied rapidly to all protected surfaces at the same
time, an objective that might not be possible with closed nozzles
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
6.3.1 Valves.
6.3.1.1Each system shall be provided with a control valve located so as to be accessible during a fire in the
area the system protects
[Link] Valve Supervision: Valves controlling the water supply to water spray systems shall be supervised in
the normally open position by one of the following methods:
(1) Central station, proprietary, or remote station alarm service
(2) Local alarm service that will cause the sounding of an audible signal
(3) Locking valves open
(4) Sealing of valves and approved weekly recorded inspection where valves are located within fenced
enclosures under the control of the owner.
[Link] Underground gate valves with roadway boxes shall not be required to be supervised
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
[Link] Location of System Actuation Valves.
[Link].1 System actuation valves shall be as close to the hazard protected as accessibility during the
emergency will permit.
[Link].2 The location of system actuation valves shall include an evaluation of all the following factors:
(1) Radiant heat from exposing fire
(2) Potential for explosions
(3) The location and arrangement of drainage facilities including dikes, trenches, and basins
(4) Potential for freezing and mechanical damage
(5) Accessibility
(6) System discharge time
6.3.6* Protection of Piping Against Damage Where Explosion Potential Exists. where water spray systems
are installed in areas having an explosion potential, they shall be installed in a manner that will minimize
damage to the piping and system control and actuation valves.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
[Link] Location of System Actuation Valves.
A.6.3.6 Areas considered to have an explosion potential can include those having the following
characteristics:
(1) Highly exothermic reactions that are relatively difficult to control, such as nitration, oxidation, halogenation,
hydrogenation, alkylation, or polymerization
(2) Flammable liquids or gases where a flammable vapour or release of more than 10 tons in a 5 minute time period is
possible.
(3) Other particularly hazardous operations where an explosion hazard might exist .
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
[Link] Location of System Actuation Valves.
To limit the potential for explosion damage, the following guidelines should be used:
(1) System actuation valves should be remotely located [at least (15.2 m)] from the area to be protected,
housed within a blast-resistant valve house or behind a blast wall
(2) Piping should be located underground wherever possible. Risers should rise aboveground behind a
protecting steel column or other structural element. Other piping should be located behind structural
elements providing shielding from explosion overpressures and flying debris.
(3) The number of system actuation valves manifold together should be limited to no more than three.
(4) Fire water mains should be buried, and accessible post indicator isolation valves should be provided.
(5) All water spray piping 2.5 in. (65 mm) or larger should be of the welded-flanged type and as shown in
Figure A.6.3.6.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
[Link] Location of System Actuation Valves.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
6.3.2 Pipe Support.
[Link] System piping shall be supported to maintain its integrity under fire conditions.
[Link] Piping shall be supported from steel or concrete Structure members or pipe stands.
[Link].1 Where a horizontal bracket is used to attach the system piping to the pipe stand, it shall not be
more than 18 in. (457.2 mm ) as measured horizontally from the centreline of the pipe stand to the
centreline of the support pipe.
[Link].2* Pipe stands used to support piping shall be in accordance with Table [Link] .2(a), Table [Link].2
(b ), and Table [Link].2(c) to determine maximum heights for pipe stands supporting various diameters of
looped piping .
[Link].6 Pipe stands shall be constructed of Schedule 40 threaded pipe, malleable iron flange base, and
shall have a threaded, grooved, or welded cap top
[Link].7* Pipe stands shall be anchored to a concrete pier or bolts for concrete or cast in place J Hock
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
6.3.2 Pipe Support.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
6.3.2 Pipe Support.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
6.3.2 Pipe Support.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
6.3.2 Pipe Support.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
6.3.2 Pipe Support.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
6.3.2 Pipe Support.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
6.3.2 Pipe Support.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
6.3.2 Pipe Support.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
6.3.2 Pipe Support.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
section modulus
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
6.3.2 Pipe Support.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
6.3.2 Pipe Support.
[Link] Piping support shall be permitted to be attached directly
to vessels or other equipment, provided the equipment is
capable of supporting the system and the design is certified by a
registered professional engineer.
[Link] Where welding of supports directly to vessels or
equipment is necessary, it shall be done in a safe manner in
conformance with the provisions of all safety, structural, and
fire codes and standards.
[Link]* Where the pipe support methods outlined in this
standard or NFPA 13 cannot be used, water spray system piping
shall be supported in a manner equivalent to the performance
requirements of this standard or NFPA 13 and the design
certified by a registered professional engineer
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.3 Piping Installation.
6.3.3 Piping Drainage.
[Link]* Each system shall be provided
with drain connections for system
risers, mains, and actuation valves.
[Link].1 Auxiliary drains: shall be
provided where a change in piping
direction prevents drainage of system
piping through either the main drain
valve or open water spray nozzles.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.4 System Attachments.
6.4.1 Alarms.
[Link] All automatic water spray systems shall be provided with a local alarm.
[Link] Any flow from a single automatic nozzle of the smallest orifice size installed on the system or flow
from any group of non-automatic nozzles shall result in an audible alarm on the premises within 90 seconds
after flow begins.
[Link] Where a separate detection system is used to activate the water spray system, the alarm shall be
actuated independently of system water flow to indicate operation of the detection system.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.4 System Attachments.
6.4.2 Remote Manual Actuation.
[Link] At least one manual actuation device independent of the manual actuation device at the system
actuation valve shall be installed for all automatic systems.
[Link] Where the manual release at the systems actuation valve meet the requirements of [Link], a separate
remote manual activation device shall not be required
[Link] Systems that protect normally un-occupied areas shall not require a separate manual activation means.
[Link] Remote manual actuation devices shall be located so as to be conspicuous, unobstructed, and
accessible during an emergency.
[Link] Remote manual actuation devices shall be identified with a permanently marked weatherproof metal
or rigid plastic sign identifying the system(s) controlled.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.4 System Attachments.
6.4.3* Fire Department Connections.
[Link]* One or more fire department connections shall be provided as described in the in subsection.
[Link] Fire department connections shall not be required for the following installations:
( 1) Systems located in remote areas that are inaccessible for fire department support shall not require a fire
department connection.
(2) Large-capacity systems exceeding the pumping capacity of the fire department shall not require a fire
department connection.
(3) Ultra-high-speed water spray systems shall not require a fire department connection.
6.4.4 Gauges.
[Link]* At least one gauge connection shall be provided at or near the hydraulically most remote nozzle
calculated as having the least amount of pressure under normal flow conditions.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.4 System Attachments.
6.5 Automatic Detection Equipment.
[Link] Detectors shall be located so as to promptly respond to a fire, flammable gas release, or other design
condition.
[Link].1 The detection system shall be capable of detecting a fire up to the elevation of the highest level of
protected equipment surface.
[Link]* Outdoor Detector Spacing.
[Link].1 where located out of doors or in the open, the spacing of fixed temperature or rate-of-rise detectors
shall be reduced by at least 50 percent from the listed spacing's under smooth ceilings.
[Link].2 where testing has demonstrated acceptable performance at other spacings, those spacings shall be
permitted.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.4 System Attachments.
6.5 Automatic Detection Equipment.
[Link] Pilot-Type Sprinklers. ( Link)
[Link].1 The temperature rating of pilot-type sprinklers shall be selected in accordance with NFPA 13.
[Link].2 where located under a ceiling, pilot sprinklers shall be positioned in accordance with the requirements for
automatic sprinklers in NFPA 13.
[Link].3 Maximum horizontal spacing for indoor locations shall not exceed (3.7 m).
[Link].8 The horizontal distance between pilot sprinklers installed outdoors shall not exceed(2.5 m ).
[Link].7 Pilot sprinklers located outdoors, such as in open process structure, shall be spaced such that the elevation of a
single level of pilot sprinklers and between additional levels of pilot sprinklers shall not exceed (5.2 m).
[Link].9 The horizontal distance between pilot sprinklers installed outdoors on a given level shall be permitted to be
increased to(3 m) where the elevation of the first level does not exceed (4.6 m ), the distance between additional levels
does not exceed (3.7 m ), and the pilot sprinklers are staggered vertically
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.4 System Attachments.
6.5 Automatic Detection Equipment.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.4 System Attachments.
6.5 Automatic Detection Equipment.
Heat Collectors
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.4 System Attachments.
6.5 Automatic Detection Equipment.
A.[Link] Where detectors are located outdoors or without a ceiling over them to trap the heat, their spacing should be
reduced if prompt detection is to be achieved. In general, thermal detectors are to be located within the hot air currents
created by the fire if they are to operate. A 50 percent reduction in the spacing between detectors is required in the
absence of test data on a particular detector and fire size. Some guidance might be available from the manufacturer. The
sensitivity of other detectors (e.g., flammable gas detectors) can also be adversely affected by wind or the lack of walls or
ceilings surrounding the hazard
Heat collectors located above the pilot sprinklers or other thermal detectors for the sole purpose of trapping heat are not
recommended. They are considered protected canopies (see [Link]) . They can provide some benefit if they are of sufficient
size [18 in. x 18 in. (457 mm x 457 mm), or larger to trap heat.
Smaller collectors can reduce sensitivity by causing a "dead" air space. However, shields or canopies needed to protect the
detector from the weather should not be eliminated because of concerns they might reduce detector sensitivity.
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.4 System Attachments.
6.5 Automatic Detection Equipment.
[Link] Special Situations
[Link].1 Open-Sided Buildings.
[Link].1.1 Detectors located in open-sided buildings shall follow the indoor spacing rules.
[Link].1.2 A line of detectors in accordance with the outdoor detector spacing rules shall be located along the
open sides of open-sided buildings.
[Link].2 Under Open Gratings. Detectors located under open gratings shall be spaced in accordance with
[Link]. ([Link]* Outdoor Detector Spacing. )
NFPA15,2022Ed
FIRE TECH.
Chapter 6 Installation Requirements LEC-1
6.4 System Attachments.
Open Gratings
