CHAPTER 8

DOP NG

EDITED BY:
MOHD FARIDZ HAJI AHMAD
NOOR FATIN NAZIEFA FAKRI
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
 WHAT IS DOPING ?
• Doping is defined as the occurrence of one or
more violations of the anti-doping regulations.
• Anti-Doping error may include:-
a) Presence of prohibited substances in athlete samples.
b) The use or attempt to use a prohibited substance or
method by an athlete.
c) Avoid or refuse or fail to allow samples to be taken.
d) Interfering with or attempting to interfere with any
part of the doping control process.
e) Whereabouts failure (presence information)
 WHAT IS DOPING ?
• Administer drugs to (an athlete) in order to
inhibit or enhance sporting performance.
• Athletes taking illegal substances to improve
their performances.
• An athlete's use of prohibited drugs or
methods to improve training and sporting
results.
• In competitive sports, doping is the use of
banned athletic performance-enhancing
drugs by athletic competitors
 WHAT IS DOPING ?
• Application of chemical substances with the
deliberate intentions or effect of altering
performance.
• It involves the use
of substances and/or
methods prohibited
under a sport’s
anti-doping rules.
Natural Use of illegal substances
 DRUGS IN SPORT
• PHARMACOLOGY – chemical substance used
in treatment, cure, prevention, and also enhance
physical or mental well being.
• A medicine or other substance which has a
physiological effect when ingested into the body.
• Any substance (with the exception of food and
water) which, when taken into the body, alters the
body's function either physically and/or
psychologically.
 DRUGS IN SPORT
• Some athletes would risk serious harm and even
death if they could obtain a drug that would
ensure their winning an Olympic gold medal.
• Drugs may be legal (e.g. alcohol, caffeine and
tobacco) or illegal (e.g. cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine
and heroin).
WHY PERFORMERS TAKE DRUGS ?

Increase
oxygen
transport

To build Physiological Lose weight,

muscle, reasons train harder
increase
energy

Mask injury
and reduce
tiredness
WHY PERFORMERS TAKE DRUGS ?
They are
prepared
to win at
all cost

Pressure
to win Belief
from that
coaches,
Social everyone
peers Reasons else is
and the doing it
media

By
winning
they can
earn big
money
 PROHIBITED CLASSES OF SUBSTANCES
Example o
f sports
A. Anabolic Steroid - a synthetic
steroid hormone which
resembles testosterone in
promoting the growth of
muscle. (enlargement of muscle)
B. Stimulants - class of drugs that
speed up the messages between
the brain and the body.
(increase alertness)
C. Diuretics - medications
designed to increase the amount
of water and salt expelled from
the body as urine. (promote
weight loss)
(A) Anabolic steroids

Performance-
enhancing drugs
Anabolic steroid are the
most commonly used
drugs in sport.
They mimic
testosterone, nandrolone,
stanozolol, boldenone
and clenbuterol.
Effects can include:

Increase
muscle
mass
Develops
Increase
bone
strength growth
ANABOLI
C
STEROID
Prevents Increase aggression,
muscle good for competitive
wastage Has quick contact sports
effect for
rapid
improvement
Side-effects can include:

Kidney problems

Mood swings & anxiety

Heart attacks

Impotence in men
Infertility, deepened voice, increased
facial hair and irregular period in
women
Side-effects can include: (con’t)
 CASE STUDY

Winning at all costs: Is it worth

it?
Dwain Chambers suffered a
2-year ban for taking anabolic
steroids backdated begin on
7 Nov 2003.
Also banned for life from the
Olympics, and stripped of the
medals he had won since mid-2002.
(B) Stimulants

Stimulants are the

second most commonly
used drugs in sports.
Example of these drugs
include: amphetamins,
cocaine and caffeine.
Effects can include:

Reduces feelings
of tiredness so a
person can train
for longer.
Stimulates the
central nervous
system (CNS)
making people
more alert.
Side-effects can include:

1. Dizziness 2. Hypertension 3. Insomnia 4. Confusion

8. Irregular &
faster heartbeat

5. Potential for
Addiction 6. Nausea 7. Diarrhea
 (C) Diuretics

Diuretics are drugs which increase the rate of water

loss from the body.
Example of these drugs include: furosemide,
triamterene and chlortalidone.
Effects & side-effects can include:

Effects Side Effects

• Speeds up work of • Dehydration and possibly
kidneys by producing dizziness
more urine. This reduces • Muscle cramps
fluid retention, which • Headaches, nausea and
causes rapid weight loss. fatigue
• Sportspeople use diuretics • Kidney illness can
to make the weight. develop
 WORLD ANTI-DOPING AGENCY (WADA)
• Established in 1999 as an
international independent agency
composed and funded
equally by the sport movement
and governments of the world.
• Activity : Scientific research,
education, development of anti-
doping capacities, and monitoring of
the World Anti Doping Code (Code) –
the document harmonizing anti-
doping policies in all sports and all
countries.
 sp o n s ib ilities:
Ath lete’s Re DOPING PROCEDURE
O / c h a p e rone
Under DC l t he t i me.
n a l
supervisio

op 3
1. Athlete's selection – T

2. Notice to athletes
- DCO will inform to
athlete to be at Dop
Station (DCS) & will ing Control
accompany athletes
process throughout the

ntify ing the athlete s

3. Ide ow the ID
thlete to sh
- DCO will ask the a
 DOPING PROCEDURE

le dge d by at hletes
4. Duly acknow epared all the documents
tes w il l b e as k to pr
- Athle
needed.
- Check & sign

5. Report to DCS
- Report to DCS ASAP unle
ss have a
reasonable excuse such as
need to
attend the victory ceremo
ny & etc.
 DOPING PROCEDURE

. A de quate hydration
6 r to stay hydrate
d.
re to d rin k e n o ugh wate
- Make su

7. Selection of sample vess

- Athletes will be given 3 sa
e l
mple & can
choose by themselves.

8. Wash hand
- Wash using the soap.
 DOPING PROCEDURE

9. Provide a urine sample

- The DCO will observe the athlete during urination for surveillance purposes.
 Under age Athlete

Athlete

Representative

DCO
 DOPING PROCEDURE

e a n a de quate uri ne sa m ple (90 ml)

10. Provid ssel containing the
at the ve
- Athletes should ensure th pe rvision at all
un de r th e at hl ete’s su
urine sample is
times

11. Select the collection kit

- Athletes will be given 3 options of collection kit

kit
12. Examine the e kit is in a good
e to e n s u re t h at th
- Athletes hav
condition
 DOPING PROCEDURE

. C he ck the num be r at the kit

13 t to make
ki
lete s have to ch ec k th e nu mber at the
- Ath
sure it is correct.

14. Open and remove the seal

- Open & remove the seal at Bottle A, B & vessel.

15. Divided the sample

- Athletes have to divid
e the urine into Bottle B
the followed by Bottle A
.
 DOPING PROCEDURE

16. Seal the sample

& m ake su re it can’t be op ened.
- Seal b ot h bo tt le s

17. Measure the USG (Urine Specific Gravity)

- Measure by DCO with the range 90 ml -150 ml @ > 150 ml)

18. Complete the Dopin

gC ontrol Form (DCF)

19. Make sure the information is correct & sign it

- Sign it & keep 1 copy as a reference.
Adopted from World Anti-Doping Agency
 PROHIBITED (BANNED) LIST
All-Time In-Competition
Substances Method  Stimulants
 Non-approved  Manipulation of  Narcotics
Substances Blood and Blood  Cannabinoids
 Anabolic Agents Components
 Glucocorticoids
 Peptide Hormones,  Chemical and
Growth Factors, Physical
Related Substance, Manipulation
and Mimetics  Gene Doping
 Beta-2 Agonists
In-Particular Sports
 Hormone and  Beta Blockers
Metabolic Modulators
 Diuretics and
Masking Agents

Adopted from World Anti-Doping Agency (2021)

WHY PERFORMER SHOULDN’T TAKE DRUGS?

Health reasons
1. Can be addictive
2. Lower life expectancy
3. Can cause death SAY
4. Can lead to liver disorders NO
and heart disease
5. Can suppress growth TO
6. Can cause sexual problems
7. Can affects moods and
DRUG
behavioural causing S
aggression and depression.
PENALTIES/ ACTIONS FOR ANTI DOPING OFFENSES

DURATION PENALTIES FOR…

Combination of several/multiples
Banned > 4 years offenses, repeated offenses, serious
offenses, national conflicts
Banned 4 years Intentional offenses
Banned 2 years Non-intentional offenses
Non-intentional offenses

**Special depends on:-

Banned < 2 years - Age
- Knowledge
- Experience
- Disabilities
 TO WHOM THE ACTION CAN BE TAKEN?

3 Organization
1 Athletes

2 Coaches
FOR YOUR INFORMATION!!

Characteristics of
registered
medicines/substances
 The registered products
will be given the “MAL”
registration number.
 “Hologram Meditag”
sticker are compulsory to
be tag at each packaging.
THANK
YOU