Introduction to SPSS
Data analysis and practices
Main menu
Independent Variable/
Dependent Variable/
Treatment
1st Parameter (TPC)
Dependent Variable/
2nd Treatment (TFC)
Data View
Variable View
Data Management
Input the variable (only one word),
e.g., Treatment (Independent
Variable), Thickness (1st Dependent 3
Between 2-4 Variable name (Details)
Variable). If more 2 character (e.g.,
2 significant e.g., Water Solubility (%)
water solubility) must be type using
abbreviation (WS) figure
Code for Dependent
4
1 variable
Code 1 for 1st treatment,
2 for 2nd treatment etc.
Data will
show in
Name of treatment e.g., this box
arrowroot 4 % Select OK
Select for
for confirm
every code
Data Input Treatment code 1 (1st
replication)
Input code and replay based on
number of replication Treatment code 1
(2nd replication)
Treatment code 1 (3rd
replication)
Manually input data
Data analysis
1 Select Analyze
Select Compare
2 Means
Select Compare
3 Means
Data analysis Input dependent
1 variable to
“dependent list”
Input independent
2 variable to “factor”
1
3 Select Continue to
confirms
Select OK to analyze
Select Continue to
confirms
Data Interpretation
Mean
Standard Deviation
and Standard error
Treatment
Data Interpretation
If Sig<0.05= significant
1
If sig>0.05= non significant
Data summarized :
4.0%= 0.723±0.001d
3.5%= 0.089±0.007c
3.0%= 0.096±0.002c
2.5%= 0.109±0.002b
2.5%= 0.179±0.001a Show differences between
treatment
2
Code: c
Code: a
Code: b
Code: d
Treatment Lightness (%)
Practice 1 A1
A2
95.83
95.86
A3 95.74
A4 95.74
A5 95.74
B1 90.85
B2 89.56
B3 89.38
B4 88.84
B5 86.19
C1 68.56
C2 72.71
C3 72.9
C4 71.33
C5 72.01
D1 57.16
D2 56.32
D3 57.89
D4 56.78
D5 58.02
Practice 2 (Films Thickness)
n 5% 10% 15%
1 1.0788 1.0886 1.1091
2 1.0696 1.0953 1.119429
3 1.1053 1.0904 1.0826
4 1.078 1.1039 1.0981
5 1.0793 1.0984 1.0973
Practice 3 (Opacity)
Sample Absorbance Opacity
A1 0.04 0.498442
A2 0.042 0.524345
A4 0.042 0.572207
A5 0.04 0.571429
B1 0.085 1.161202
B2 0.125 1.625488
B4 0.074 0.925
B6 0.063 0.884831
B7 0.078 1.087866
B8 0.074 0.997573
C2 0.244 2.642695
C3 0.261 2.597015
C4 0.26 2.59481
C5 0.184 1.832669
C6 0.201 1.872729
C8 0.176 1.6
D2 0.331 2.703365
D3 0.339 2.986784
D6 0.253 2.081277
D7 0.27 2.339688
D8 0.289 2.319422
Experimental Design
Two factors in your experiment:
1. Treatment
Independent Variable
2. Temperature
3. Total Phenolic Content Dependent Variable
Hypothesis
1. Ho : Treatment will have no significant effect on Total Phenolic Content (TPC)
2. Ho : Temperature will have no significant effect on TPC
3. Ho : Treatment and Temperature will have no significant effect on TPC
John’s Data Preparation for SPSS
1. The GLM Univariate procedure provides regression analysis and analysis of variance for one dependent variable by one or more
factors and/or variables.
2. The factor variables divide the population into groups.
3. Using this General Linear Model procedure, you can test null hypotheses about the effects of other variables on the means of
various groupings of a single dependent variable.
4. You can investigate interactions between factors as well as the effects of individual factors, some of which may be random.
SPSS setup
SPSS setup
SPSS setup
SPSS Results 1. The F ratio is the ratio of two mean square values.
2. If the null hypothesis is true, you expect F to have a value close to
1.0 most of the time.
3. A large F ratio means that the variation among group means is
more than you'd expect to see by chance.
1. p-values are essentially hypothesis tests on the values of each coefficient.
2. A high p-value means that a coefficient is unreliable (insignificant),
3. while a low p-value suggests that the coefficient is statistically significant.
Results
p = 0.522; which is >0.05
We fail to reject the null (HO) hypothesis
P = 0.000; which is < 0.05
0% chance of getting results by
random chance
We reject the null hypothesis
P = 0.016; which is < 0.05
We fail to reject the null hypothesis
Hypothesis
1. Ho : Treatment will have no significant effect on Total Phenolic Content (TPC)
Fail to reject: Temperature has no significant effect on TPC
2. Ho : Temperature will have no significant effect on TPC Reject
H1 : Temperature has significant effect on TPC
3. Ho : Treatment and Temperature will have no significant effect on TPC
Fail to Reject: Treatment and Temperature have no significant effect
on TPC
Comparing Means
Combined Extraction Methods
(Hot water and Sonification)
Hot water One-way ANOVA
Hot water Treatment
c b a
Sonification One-way ANOVA
Sonification vs TPC
Total Phenolic Content (TPC)
Table 1. Total phenolic content of Burdock and Chrysanthemum tea extracts 1,2
Burdock Chrysanthemum
(0.5g+100mL) (0.5g+300mL)
Treatment Temperature (°C)
Mean (mg/mL) Mean (mg/mL)
Hot water 70 836.85 ± 0.008 727.49Ac± 11.31
80 856.33 ± 0.002 779.18Ab ± 4.54
90 873.56 ± 0.010 837.60Aa ± 13.54
70 905.39 ± 0.002 682.92Ac ± 1.12
Sonification 80 943.97 ± 0.001 782.17Ab ± 0.65
90 957.08 ± 0.000 856.33Aa ± 0.65
1
Means with upper case letters within column are not significantly different (p<0.05) between treatments.
2
Means with lower case letters within column are significantly different (p<0.05) between treatments.
