Cloud Computing

-By Smitha
 Introduction
What is cloud?
• The cloud" refers to servers that are accessed over
the Internet and the software and databases that
run on those servers.
• Cloud servers are in data centres all over the world.
• By using cloud computing, users and companies do
not have to manage physical servers themselves or
run software applications on their own machines
• The cloud enables users to access the same
files and applications from almost any device,
because the computing and storage takes
place on servers in a data centre, instead of
locally on the user device.
Cloud Computing
• Cloud Computing is the delivery of computing
services such as servers, storage, databases,
networking, software, analytics, intelligence,
and more, over the Cloud (Internet).
• Cloud Computing provides an alternative to
the on-premises data centre.
• With an on-premises data centre, we have to
manage everything, such as purchasing and
installing hardware, virtualization, installing
the operating system,
• Other required applications, setting up the
network, configuring the firewall, and setting
up storage for data. After doing all the set-up,
we become responsible for maintaining it
through its entire lifecycle.
• But if we choose Cloud Computing, a cloud
vendor is responsible for the hardware
purchase and maintenance.
• They also provide a wide variety of software
and platform as a service.
• We can take any required services on rent.
The cloud computing services will be charged
based on usage.
• The cloud environment provides an easily
accessible online portal that makes handy for
the user to manage the compute, storage,
network, and application resources.
• Some cloud service providers are in the
following figure.
Cloud Service Models
• There are the following three types of cloud
service models -
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Software as a Service (SaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• IaaS is also known as Hardware as a Service
(HaaS).
• It is a computing infrastructure managed over
the internet. The main advantage of using IaaS
is that it helps users to avoid the cost and
complexity of purchasing and managing the
physical servers.
Characteristics of IaaS
• There are the following characteristics of IaaS .
• Resources are available as a service
• Services are highly scalable
• Dynamic and flexible
• GUI and API-based access
• Automated administrative tasks
Example: DigitalOcean, Linode, Amazon Web
Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google
Compute Engine (GCE), Rackspace, and Cisco
Metacloud.
AWS
• In 2006, Amazon Web Services, (AWS) began offering
IT services to the public in the form of web services
commonly known as cloud computing.
• One of the key benefits of cloud computing is that it
replaces upfront capital infrastructure expenses with
an on-demand low-cost pay-as-you-go model.
• AWS made businesses no longer need to plan for and
procure IT infrastructures weeks or months in
advance.
• Instead, they can instantly select any number of
servers and other technologies needed for them and it
is delivered to them in minutes.
 Important Cloud Services provided by AWS

1. Compute:
• Amazon EC2: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
(Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides
secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud.
• It allows organizations to obtain and configure
virtual compute capacity in the cloud.
• You can select from a variety of operating
systems and resource configurations like
memory, CPU, and storage that are required for
your application.
• Amazon EC2 enables you to increase or
decrease capacity within minutes.
• You can use one or hundreds or even
thousands of server instances simultaneously.
• Because this is all controlled with web service
APIs, your application can automatically scale
itself up and down depending on its needs.
AWS Lambda:
• AWS Lambda is a serverless, event-driven
compute service that allows you to run code
without managing servers.
• You pay only for the compute time you consume
and there is no charge when your code is not
running.
• With AWS Lambda, you can run code for any type
of application with zero administration.
• Just upload your code, and Lambda takes care of
everything required to run and scale your code
with high availability.
• You can set up your code to automatically
trigger from other AWS services, or you can
call it directly from any web or mobile app.
• You can only pay for what you have used.
• The compute time that you consume, you are
needed to pay for it.
AWS Elastic Beanstalk:
• AWS Elastic Beanstalk is a Platform as a Service
that facilitates quick deployment of your
applications by providing all the application
services that you need for your application.
• Beanstalk is a plug-and-play platform that
allows working with multiple programming
languages and environments.
• Elastic Beanstalk supports a large range of
platforms like Node js, Java, PHP, Python, and
Ruby.
• So, you can develop your application to meet
your requirements and simply deploy it on
Elastic Beanstalk.
• The main aim to use AWS Elastic Beanstalk is
to allow you to focus on the deployment and
management of your applications.
• You can simply upload your code, and AWS
Elastic Beanstalk automatically handles the
deployment, from capacity provisioning, load
balancing, and auto-scaling to application
health monitoring.
• At the same time, you retain full control over
the AWS resources powering your application
and can access the underlying resources at
any time.
2. Networking:
Amazon VPC:
• Amazon VPC is your network environment in
the cloud.
• It allows you to create a private network
within the AWS cloud that uses many of the
same concepts and constructs as an on-
premises network.
• Amazon VPC also gives you complete control
of the network configuration.
• Amazon VPC also gives you complete control
of the network configuration.
• Customers can define normal networking
configuration items such as IP address ranges,
subnet creation, route table creation, network
gateways, and security settings.
• Amazon VPC is an AWS foundational service
and integrates with numerous AWS services.
• For instance, Amazon EC2 instances are
deployed into your Amazon VPC.
• Similarly, Amazon Relational Database Service
(Amazon RDS) database instances deploy into
your Amazon VPC, where the database is
protected by the structure of the network just
like your on-premises network.
• Amazon Route 53: Amazon Route 53 is a
highly available and scalable cloud Domain
Name System (DNS) web service. It is designed
to give developers and businesses an
extremely reliable and cost-effective way to
route end users to Internet applications.
3. Storage
• Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service): Amazon Simple
Storage Service (Amazon S3) is object storage with a
simple web service interface to store and retrieve any
amount of data from anywhere on the web.
• It is designed to provide an infinite amount of storage
and it is delivered with 99.999999999% durability.
• It offers industry-leading scalability, data availability,
security, and performance.
• It’s simple to move large volumes of data into or out
of Amazon S3 with Amazon’s cloud data migration
options.
• Iaas is also known as Hardware as a Service
(HaaS). It is one of the layers of the cloud
computing platform.
• It allows customers to outsource their IT
infrastructures such as servers, networking,
processing, storage, virtual machines, and other
resources. Customers access these resources on
the Internet using a pay-as-per use model.
• In traditional hosting services, IT infrastructure
was rented out for a specific period of time,
with pre-determined hardware configuration.
• The client paid for the configuration and time,
regardless of the actual use.
• With the help of the IaaS cloud computing
platform layer, clients can dynamically scale
the configuration to meet changing
requirements and are billed only for the
services actually used.
• IaaS cloud computing platform layer
eliminates the need for every organization to
maintain the IT infrastructure.
• IaaS is offered in three models: public, private,
and hybrid cloud. The private cloud implies
that the infrastructure resides at the
customer-premise.
• In the case of public cloud, it is located at the
cloud computing platform vendor's data
center.
• The hybrid cloud is a combination of the two
in which the customer selects the best of both
public cloud or private cloud.
IaaS provider provides the following services -

• Compute: Computing as a Service includes virtual central

processing units and virtual main memory for the Vms that
is provisioned to the end- users.
• Storage: IaaS provider provides back-end storage for storing
files.
• Network: Network as a Service (NaaS) provides networking
components such as routers, switches, and bridges for the
Vms.
• Load balancers: It provides load balancing capability at the
infrastructure layer.
Advantages of IaaS cloud computing layer:
There are the following advantages of IaaS computing
layer -
1. Shared infrastructure
• IaaS allows multiple users to share the same physical
infrastructure.
2. Web access to the resources
• Iaas allows IT users to access resources over the
internet.
3. Pay-as-per-use model
• IaaS providers provide services based on the pay-as-
per-use basis. The users are required to pay for what
they have used.
4. Focus on the core business
• IaaS providers focus on the organization's core
business rather than on IT infrastructure.
5. On-demand scalability
• On-demand scalability is one of the biggest
advantages of IaaS. Using IaaS, users do not
worry about to upgrade software and
troubleshoot the issues related to hardware
components.
 Disadvantages of IaaS cloud computing layer

1. Security:
• Security is one of the biggest issues in IaaS.
Most of the IaaS providers are not able to
provide 100% security.
2. Maintenance & Upgrade
• Although IaaS service providers maintain the
software, but they do not upgrade the
software for some organizations.
3. Interoperability issues
• It is difficult to migrate VM from one IaaS
provider to the other, so the customers might
face problem related to vendor lock-in.
Platform as a service:
• Platform As A Service (PAAS) is a cloud
delivery model for applications composed of
services managed by a third party.
• It provides elastic scaling of your application
which allows developers to build applications
and services over the internet and the
deployment models include public, private
and hybrid.
• Basically, it is a service where a third-party
provider provides both software and hardware
tools to the cloud computing.
• The tools which are provided are used by
developers. PAAS is also known as Application
PAAS.
• It helps us to organize and maintain useful
applications and services. It has a well-
equipped management system and is less
expensive compared to IAAS.
3. SAAS:
• It allows software and its functions to be
accessed from anywhere with good internet
connection device and a browser.
• An application is hosted centrally and also
provides access to multiple users across
various locations via the internet.
 Basis Of IAAS PAAS SAAS

Stands for Infrastructure as a service. Platform as a service. Software as a service.

IAAS is used by network SAAS is used by the end

Uses architects. PAAS is used by developers. user.

IAAS gives access to the PAAS gives access to run

resources like virtual time environment to SAAS gives access to the end
Access machines and virtual deployment and user.
storage. development tools for
application.

It is a service model that It is a cloud computing It is a service model in cloud

provides virtualized model that delivers tools computing that hosts
Model computing resources over that are used for the software to make it
the internet. development of available to clients.
applications.

There is no requirement
Technical It requires technical Some knowledge is required about technicalities
understanding. knowledge. for the basic setup. company handles
everything.
 It is popular among It is popular among
It is popular among developers who focus on the consumers and companies,
Popularity developers and researchers. development of apps and such as file sharing, email,
scripts. and networking.

It has around a 12% It has around 32% It has about a 27 % rise in

Percentage rise increment. increment. the cloud computing model.

Used by the skilled Used by mid-level Used among the users of

Usage developer to develop unique developers to build entertainment.
applications. applications.

Amazon Web Services, sun, Facebook, and Google MS Office web, Facebook
Cloud services. vCloud Express. search engine. and Google Apps.

Operating System, Runtime,

User Controls Middleware, and Application Data of the application Nothing
data

It is highly scalable and It is highly scalable to suit It is highly scalable to suit

Others flexible. the different businesses the small, mid and
according to resources. enterprise level business