Modern Theatre
Influences on Modern Theatre: Society of the Late 1800s-Mid 1900s
Revolutions and rebellion
Changing economies Against Victorian morality Against industrialization Against oppression
Influences on Modern Theatre: Theories from the Modern Era
Darwin: Theory of Evolution Nietzsche: Existentialism Marx: socialism Einstein: theory of Relativity Freud: Psychoanalysis
Influences on Modern Theatre: Inventions of the Modern Era
Telephone Incandescent lamp Flying machines Automobile
Romanticism
Rebellion against the constraints of the earlier neoclassical era Rejection of artistic rules Protagonist is a social outcast wanting justice, knowledge, and truth.
Romanticism: Dantons Death
Realism
Create the illusion of everyday life onstage All subject matter should be onstage Call attention to social problems in order to instigate change
Realism: A Dolls House
Naturalism
Similar to Realism Extreme attempt to dramatize human reality Present a picture of real life without making own presence felt Slice of Life
Naturalism: Miss Julie
Symbolism
Anti-realistic movement (1880-1910) Drama presents the mystery of being and the cosmos Concern with mood and atmosphere rather than a story Demand abstraction Symbols best represent the state of mind
Symbolism: The Intruder
Expressionism
Representation of Reality is distorted to communicate inner feelings Dramatic action is seen through the eyes of the protagonist, frequently seems distorted or dreamlike Subjective
Expressionism: Machinal
Epic Theatre or Theatre of Alienation
Championed by Bertolt Brecht Force the audience to remain emotionally detached (alienated) from dramatic action Work is highly theatrical to prevent emotional attachment Audience is aware they are in a theatre
Epic Theatre: Mother Courage and Her Children
Theatre of the Absurd (Absurdism) / Existentialism
There is little meaning to existence Humanity is alone in an irrational universe What happens in life cannot be explained logically; it is ridiculous Drama presents human existence as futile or absurd
Theatre of the Absurd: Waiting for Godot