EB3306 Environmental Biotechnology
lecturer: Mr. Medhisha Gunawardena
BIOFUEL
AN ALTERNATIVE
S
Names and (Niali ID) : Sakura Abeykoon (00010020)
Sanduni Alahakoon (00020004)
Ranushi Senanayaka (00020018)
Maleesha Madubashini (00020021)
OUTLINE
• Introduction
• History
• Biofuel feedstock
• Classifications of biofuels
• Types of biofuels and its pros and cons
INTRODUCTION
• Biofuels are obtained from biomass like wood and straw, which are released by direct
combustion of dry matter and convert into a gaseous and liquid fuel.
• Biofuels can also be produced from animal fats, plant wastes and other organic wastes
produced from living organisms.
Biofuels produced by animal fats, The process is divided to
plant wastes and other organic three classifications
wastes produced from living
organisms.
HISTORY
• Inventor - Rudolf Diesel In the 1890s.
• Made from vegetable oil.
• Environmental protection agency In 1970s and 1980s
EPA situated in America suggested
that fuel should be free from sulphur
dioxide, carbon monoxide and
nitrogen oxides
HISTORY
• EPA allowed the production of In the 1998s.
biofuel on commercial level which
was the alternative source of the
petrol.
• The production of biofuels reaches In 2010.
up to 105 billion liters worldwide.
• European countries were the largest
In 2011.
that made biodiesel almost about
53%.
BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK
Corn Sugar cane Soy bean Sugar beet
Jatropha
Camelina Switch grass Algae
BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK
Cassava Palm Oil Certain fungi
Animal Fat Agricultural waste
CLASSIFICATIONS OF BIOFUELS
TYPES OF BIOFUELS
1.
Bioethanol
2.
Biogas
3.
Biodiesel
BIOETHANOL
• Produced by the fermentation of carbohydrate
rich source which includes sugar cane, sugar
beet, corn etc
• It is colorless and clear liquid
• One of the widely used alternative automotive
fuel in the world
BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION
Milling ( sugarcane stem & separation of
juice and bagasse)
Fermentation (conversion of sugar into alcohol,
production of ethanol)
Distillation (separation of ethanol)
Dehydration (azeotropic mixture)
APPLICATIONS
• Transportation Fuel
• Industrial Applications
• Electricity Generation
• Cooking Fuel
REGULATIONS
• Fuel Standards
• Taxation and Incentives
• Environmental Regulations
• Safety Standards
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF BIOETHANOL
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Renewable resource • Large amounts leading to problems
• Burns more cleanly in air than such as soil erosion, deforestation.
petroleum
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, • Typical current engines would require
• Reduce carbon dioxide emissions
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do eiusmod tempor incididunt
petroleum
ut labore et dolore magna • Expensive
aliqua. Ut enim
BIODIESEL
Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel, is made from
renewable biological sources such as vegetable oils
and animal fats.
• The process used to convert these oils to Biodiesel
is called transesterification.
• liquid fuel often referred to as B100.
• Biodiesel consists of long-chained hydrocarbons or
fatty-acid esters made by a chemical reaction
between lipids from animal fat, soybean oil or
vegetable oils and an alcohol which makes methyl,
ethyl or propyl esters.
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION
THE DISTINCT USES OF BIODIESEL
Transportation Generation of Energy
Heat generation For cooking
Extra benefits
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF BIODIESEL
Biodiesel is environment-friendly
01.
02. Biodiesel helps extends Engine
Lifespan and Ready to use
Advantages
03. Renewable source of Energy and
incredibly safe
04. Reduced dependence on Imported
Oil
Disadvantages 01. It is prone to ‘gelling’
02. can damage filters and pipes
03. Can Effect Food Supply
Little bit Expensive and lower
04.
efficiency than Diesel
• Biogas, a naturally occurring gas that is generated by the breakdown of organic matter by anaerobic bacteria
• It is a renewable energy
• biogas is primarily composed of methane gas, CO2, and trace amounts of N, H, and CO.
• Biogas can also be produced in anaerobic digesters from plant or animal waste or collected from landfills.
BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANT
HYDROLYSIS
01
Complex Oragnic matter is decomposed into simple soluble organic
molecules using water
02 FERMENTATION
Generation of intermediary produtcs such as short chain fatty acids
03
ACEDOGENESIS
Acetate production
METHANOGENESIS
04
Methane production
APPLICATION OF BIOGAS
vehicle fule
kitchen gas
Industrial gas
Electricity
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
Biofuels, derived from organic materials known as feedstocks, represent a sustainable and eco-friendly solution to our
energy needs. Bioethanol, produced from crops like corn or sugarcane, serves as a clean alternative to gasoline. Biodiesel,
made from vegetable oils or animal fats, provides a greener substitute for traditional diesel. Biogas, generated through the
breakdown of organic waste, offers a renewable source of energy. These biofuels contribute to reducing carbon emissions,
enhancing energy security, and fostering a more sustainable future. The versatility of biofuels underscores their potential
impact on creating a more environmentally conscious and A strong and adaptable energy system.
REFERENCES
• Kuchta, D. M. (n.d.). What is biogas? is it sustainable?. Treehugger. https://www.treehugger.com/what-is-biogas-6828434
• Iea. (n.d.). An introduction to biogas and biomethane – outlook for biogas and biomethane: Prospects for organic growth –
analysis. IEA. https://www.iea.org/reports/outlook-for-biogas-and-biomethane-prospects-for-organic-growth/an-
introduction-to-biogas-and-biomethane
• What is Biodiesel? How is it Made, Who Uses it, and What is it Used For? - Recognized Trading & Shipping, Inc. (2020,
October 30). https://recognizedtrader.us/what-is-biodiesel-how-is-it-made-who-uses-it-and-what-is-it-used-for/
• Ramos, Dias, Puna, Gomes, & Bordado. (2019). Biodiesel Production Processes and Sustainable Raw Materials. Energies,
12(23), 4408. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12234408
• Gray, K. A., Zhao, L., & Emptage, M. (2006). Bioethanol. Current opinion in chemical biology, 10(2), 141-146.
• Edeh, I. (2021). Bioethanol production: An overview. Bioethanol technologies, 1.
THANK
YOU
